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1.媒体来源:
外媒 sciencealert
2.记者署名:
By CLARE WATSON
3.完整新闻标题:
Wild New Study Suggests Gravity Can Exist Without Mass
疯狂的新研究表明重力可以在没有质量的情况下存在
4.完整新闻内文:
Wild New Study Suggests Gravity Can Exist Without Mass
疯狂的新研究表明重力可以在没有质量的情况下存在
PHYSICS
13 June 2024
ByCLARE WATSON
What is gravity without mass? Both Newton's revolutionary laws describing its
universal effect and Einstein's proposal of a dimpled spacetime, we've
thought of gravity as exclusively within the domain of matter.
Now a wild new study suggesting that gravity can exist without mass,
conveniently eliminating the need for one of the most elusive substances in
our Universe: dark matter.
没有质量的话重力是什么？牛顿描述其普遍效应的革命性定律和爱因斯坦提出的凹坑时空
，我们都认为重力只存在于物质领域。
现在，一项疯狂的新研究表明，重力可以在没有质量的情况下存在，从而方便地消除了对
宇宙中最难以捉摸的物质之一：暗物质的需求。
Dark matter is a hypothetical, invisible mass thought to make up 85 percent
of the Universe's total bulk. Originally devised to account for galaxies
holding together under high speed rotation, it has yet to be directly
observed, leading physicists to propose all sorts of out-there ideas to avoid
invoking this elusive material as a way to plug the holes in current theories.
The latest offering in that vein comes from astrophysicist Richard Lieu at
the University of Alabama in Huntsville, who has suggested that rather than
dark matter binding galaxies and other bodies together, the Universe may
contain thin, shell-like layers of 'topological defects' that give rise to
gravity without any underlying mass.
暗物质是一种假设的、不可见的物质，被认为占宇宙总体积的 85%。它最初是为了解释高
速旋转下聚集在一起的星系而设计的，但尚未被直接观察到，这导致物理学家提出了各种
新颖的想法，以避免援引这种难以捉摸的材料来填补当前理论中的漏洞。
亨茨维尔阿拉巴马大学的天文物理学家理查德·刘（Richard Lieu）提出了类似的最新观
点，他提出，宇宙可能包含薄薄的、壳状的“拓扑缺陷”层，而不是将星系和其他天体结
合在一起的暗物质。
Lieu started out trying to find another solution to the Einstein field
equations, which relate the curvature of space-time to the presence of matter
within it.
As Einstein described in his 1915 theory of general relativity, space-time
warps around bundles of matter and streams of radiation in the Universe,
depending on their energy and momentum. That energy is, of course, related to
mass in Einstein's famous equation: E=mc^2.
刘开始尝试寻找爱因斯坦场方程式的另一种解，该方程式将时空曲率与时空内物质的存在
联系起来。
正如爱因斯坦在 1915 年的广义相对论中所描述的那样，时空围绕着宇宙中的物质束和辐
射流扭曲，这取决于它们的能量和动量。当然，这种能量与爱因斯坦著名方程中的质量有
关：E=mc^2。
So an object's mass is linked to its energy, which bends space-time – and
this curvature of space-time is what Einstein described as gravity, a notch
more sophisticated than Newton's 17th-century approximation of gravity as a
force between two objects with mass. In other words, gravity seems
inextricably linked to mass.
Not so, posits Lieu.
In his workings, Lieu set about solving a simplified version of the Einstein
field equations that allows for a finite gravitation force in the absence of
any detectable mass. He says his efforts were "driven by my frustration with
the status quo, namely the notion of dark matter's existence despite the lack
of any direct evidence for a whole century."
因此，一个物体的质量与其能量相关，从而使时空弯曲—而这种时空弯曲就是爱因斯坦
所描述的引力，比牛顿在 17 世纪将引力视为两个有质量物体之间的力的近似更为复杂。
换句话说，引力似乎与质量有着千丝万缕的关系。
刘断言，事实并非如此。
在他的工作中，刘开始求解爱因斯坦场方程式的简化版本，该方程式允许在没有任何可检
测质量的情况下产生有限的引力。他说，他的努力“是因为我对现状感到沮丧，即尽管整
整一个世纪都没有任何直接证据，但暗物质存在的概念”。
Lieu's solution consists of shell-shaped topological defects that might occur
in very compact regions of space with a very high density of matter.
These sets of concentric shells contain a thin layer of positive mass tucked
inside an outer layer of negative mass. The two masses cancel each other out,
so the total mass of the two layers is exactly zero. But when a star lies on
this shell, it experiences a large gravitational force dragging it towards
the center of the shell.
刘氏的解决方案由壳形拓朴缺陷组成，这些缺陷可能出现在物质密度非常高的非常紧密的
空间区域。
这些同心壳群包含一层薄薄的正质量，隐藏在负质量的外层内。两个质量相互抵消，因此
两层的总质量恰好为零。但是当一颗恒星位于这个壳上时，它会受到巨大的引力，将其拖
向壳的中心。
"The contention of my paper is that at least the shells it posits are
massless," Lieu says. If those contentious suggestions bear any weight,
"there is then no need to perpetuate this seemingly endless search for dark
matter," Lieu adds.
The next question, then, is how to possibly confirm or refute the shells Lieu
has proposed through observations.
“我的论文的论点是，至少它所假定的壳是无质量的”刘说。如果这些有争议的建议有
任何分量，“那么就没有必要继续这种看似无休止的对暗物质的探索，”刘补充道。
那么，下一个问题是如何透过观察来证实或反驳刘提出的砲弹。
"The increasing frequency of sightings of ring and shell-like formation of
galaxies in the Universe lends evidence to the type of source being proposed
here," Lieu writes in his paper. Although he admits that his proposed
solution is "highly suggestive" and cannot alone discredit the dark matter
hypothesis.
"It could be an interesting mathematical exercise at best," Lieu concludes.
"But it is the first [mathematical] proof that gravity can exist without
mass."
The study has been published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Society.
“宇宙中环状和壳状星系形成的目击频率不断增加，这为本文提出的来源类型提供了证据
”刘在他的论文中写道。尽管他承认他提出的解决方案“极具启发性”，并不能单独质
疑暗物质假说。
“这最多可能是一次有趣的数学练习，”Lieu总结道。 “但这是第一个[数学]证明重力
可以在没有质量的情况下存在。”
这项研究已发表在《皇家天文学会月刊》。
5.完整新闻连结 (或短网址)不可用YAHOO、LINE、MSN等转载媒体:
https://reurl.cc/Zev3Ol
6.备注:
靠北，珊瑚城堡建筑师爱德华说的是真的，物理学基础公式有严重盲点存在。
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k20G6AG16hM
(十年前的LBJ回不来了)
这样连带很多违反物理直觉的现象也能得到解释，包括肉身虹化质量缩小转为光能
时，现场因为重力结界与同时散布的微型黑洞，可以避免发生核子反应爆炸。
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gCkB9daCVZ0
重力控场示意图
https://imgur.com/NnNcWqe.jpg