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1.媒体来源:
CNN
2.记者署名:
By Jackie Wattles, CNN
3.完整新闻标题:
Scientists say they’ve finally found remnants of Theia, an ancient planet
that collided with Earth to form the moon
科学家表示，他们终于找到了忒伊亚的遗迹，这是一颗与地球相撞形成月球的古老行星
4.完整新闻内文:
Scientists say they’ve finally found remnants of Theia, an ancient planet
that collided with Earth to form the moon
By Jackie Wattles, CNN
5 minute read
Updated 8:37 PM EDT, Fri November 3, 2023
CNN
Scientists widely agree that an ancient planet likely smashed into Earth as
it was forming billions of years ago, spewing debris that coalesced into the
moon that decorates our night sky today.
The theory, called the giant-impact hypothesis, explains many fundamental
features of the moon and Earth.
CNN
科学家普遍认为，一颗古老的行星可能在数十亿年前形成时撞上了地球，喷出的碎片合并
成月球，装饰着我们今天的夜空 。
该理论被称为大撞击假说，解释了月球和地球的许多基本特征。
But one glaring mystery at the center of this hypothesis has endured: What
ever happened to Theia? Direct evidence of its existence has remained
elusive. No leftover fragments from the planet have been found in the solar
system. And many scientists assumed any debris Theia left behind on Earth was
blended in the fiery cauldron of our planet’s interior.
A new theory, however, suggests that remnants of the ancient planet remain
partially intact, buried beneath our feet.
但这假设的核心有一个明显的谜团一直存在：忒伊亚到底发生了什么事？它存在的直接证
据仍然难以捉摸。在太阳系中尚未发现该行星的剩余碎片。许多科学家认为忒伊亚在地球
上留下的任何碎片都混合在我们星球内部的炽热大锅中。
然而，一种新理论表明，这颗古老星球的遗迹仍然部分完好无损，埋在我们脚下。
Molten slabs of Theia could have embedded themselves within Earth’s mantle
after impact before solidifying, leaving portions of the ancient planet’s
material resting above Earth’s core some 1,800 miles (about 2,900
kilometers) below the surface, according to a study published Wednesday in
the journal Nature.
A bold new idea
If the theory is correct, it would not only provide additional details to
fill out the giant-impact hypothesis but also answer a lingering question for
geophysicists.
根据周三发表在《自然》杂志 上的一项研究，忒伊亚的熔融板块可能在撞击后凝固之前
嵌入地函中，从而使这颗古老行星的部分物质留在地心上方约1,800 英里（约2,900公里
）的地表以下。
大胆的新想法
如果理论是正确的，它不仅可以提供更多细节来填补巨大撞击假说，还可以回答地球物理
学家一个挥之不去的问题。
They were already aware that there are two massive, distinct blobs that are
embedded deep within the Earth. The masses — called large low-velocity
provinces, or LLVPs — were first detected in the 1980s. One lies beneath
Africa and another below the Pacific Ocean.
他们已经意识到地球深处有两个巨大的、不同的斑点。这些质量块—称为大型低剪力波速
群（LLSVP）的构造—首次在 20 世纪 80 年代被发现。一个位于非洲下方，另一个位于
太平洋下方。
These blobs are thousands of kilometers wide and likely more dense with iron
compared with the surrounding mantle, making them stand out when measured by
seismic waves. But the origins of the blobs — each of which are larger than
the moon — remain a mystery to scientists.
But for Dr. Qian Yuan, a geophysicist and postdoctoral fellow at the
California Institute of Technology and the new study’s lead author, his
understanding of LLVPs forever changed when he attended a 2019 seminar at
Arizona State University, his alma mater, that outlined the giant-impact
hypothesis.
这些斑点有数千公里宽，与周围的地函相比，铁的密度可能更高，这 使得它们在地震波
测量时显得格外突出。但这些斑点的起源—每个斑点都比月球还大—对科学家来说仍然是
个谜。
但对于加州理工学院地球物理学家、博士后研究员、这项新研究的主要作者钱源博士来说
，当他参加了2019 年在母校亚利桑那州立大学举行的研讨会时，他对LLVP 的理解永远改
变了，该研讨会概述了这个巨大的现象 。
That’s when he learned new details about Theia, the mysterious projectile
that presumably struck Earth billions of years ago.
And, as a trained geophysicist, he knew of those mysterious blobs hidden in
Earth’s mantle.
Yuan had a eureka moment, he said.
Immediately, he began perusing scientific studies, searching to see whether
someone else had proposed that LLVPs might be fragments of Theia. But no one
had.
Initially, Yuan said, he only told his adviser about his theory.
“I was afraid of turning to other people because I (was) afraid others would
think I’m too crazy,” Yuan said.
就在那时，他了解到了有关忒伊亚（Theia）的新细节，忒伊亚是一颗可能在数十亿年前
撞击地球的神秘弹头。
而且，作为一名训练有素的地球物理学家，他知道那些隐藏在地函中的神秘斑点。
源灵机一动，他说。
他立即开始仔细研究科学研究，看看是否有人提出 LLVP 可能是忒伊亚的碎片。但没有人
这样做过。
源说，最初他只是告诉他的顾问他的理论。
“我害怕向其他人求助，因为我担心别人会认为我太疯狂了，”源说。
Interdisciplinary research
Yuan first proposed his idea in a paper he submitted in 2021. It was rejected
three times. Peer reviewers said it lacked sufficient modeling from the giant
impact.
Then he came across scientists who did just the type of research Yuan needed.
Their work, which assigned a certain size to Theia and speed of impact in the
modeling, suggested that the ancient planet’s collision likely did not
entirely melt Earth’s mantle, allowing the remnants of Theia to cool and
form solid structures instead of blending together in Earth’s inner stew.
跨学科研究
源在2021年提交的一篇论文中首次提出了他的想法，但被拒绝了3次。同行评审员表示
，它缺乏针对巨大影响的足够模型。
然后他遇到了一些科学家，他们所做的研究正是源所需要的类型。
他们的工作在建模中为忒伊亚指定了一定的大小和撞击速度，表明这颗古老行星的碰撞可
能没有完全融化地幔，从而使忒伊亚的残余物冷却并形成固体结构，而不是在地球内部混
合在一起。
This rendering shows Theia colliding with the early Earth. The combination of
high-resolution giant impact and mantle convection simulations, mineral
physics calculations, and seismic imaging suggests that the lower half of
Earth’s mantle remained mostly solid after this impact, and that parts of
Theia’s iron-rich mantle sank and accumulated atop Earth's core nearly 4.5
billion years ago, surviving there throughout Earth’s history.
此渲染图显示忒伊亚与早期地球相撞。高分辨率巨大撞击和地函对流模拟、矿物物理计算
和地震成像相结合表明，这次撞击后，地函的下半部大部分保持固态，而忒伊亚富含铁的
地函部分下沉并堆积在地核顶部大约 45 亿年前，在地球的整个历史中一直在那里生存。
“Earth’s mantle is rocky, but it isn’t like solid rock,” said Dr. Steve
Desch, a study coauthor and professor of astrophysics at Arizona State’s
School of Earth and Space Exploration. “It’s this high-pressure magma that’
s kind of gooey and has the viscosity of peanut butter, and it’s basically
sitting on a very hot stove.”
In that environment, if the material that makes up the LLVPs was too dense,
it wouldn’t be able to pile up in the jagged formations that it appears in,
Desch said. And if it were low enough in density, it would simply mix in with
the churning mantle.
The question was this: What would be the density of the material left behind
by Theia? And could it match up with the density of the LLVPs?
(Desch had authored his own paper in 2019 that sought to describe the density
of the material that Theia would have left behind.)
“地函是岩石，但它不像坚硬的岩石，”该研究的合著者、亚利桑那州立大学地球与太空
探索学院的天文物理学教授史蒂夫·德施博士说。“这种高压岩浆有点粘，具有花生酱的
粘度，而且它基本上位于一个非常热的炉子上。”
德施说，在那种环境下，如果构成 LLVPs 的材料太稠密，它就无法堆积在锯齿状的地层中
。如果它的密度够低，它就会简单地与翻动的地函混合在一起。
问题是：忒伊亚留下的物质的密度是多少？它能与 LLVPs 的密度相符吗？
（德施在 2019 年撰写了自己的论文，试图描述忒伊亚留下的物质的密度。）
The researchers sought higher-definition modeling with 100 to 1,000 times
more resolution than their previous attempts, Yuan said. And still, the
calculations lined up: If Theia were a certain size and consistency, and
struck the Earth at a specific speed, the models showed it could, in fact,
leave behind massive hunks of its guts within Earth’s mantle and also spawn
the debris that would go on to create our moon.
“That was very, very, so very exciting,” Yuan said. “That (modeling) hadn’
t been done before.”
源说：研究人员寻求更高分辨率的建模，其分辨率比之前的尝试高出 100 到 1,000 倍。
尽管如此，计算还是一致的：如果忒伊亚有一定的大小和一致性，并以特定的速度撞击地
球，模型表明它实际上可以在地函中留下大量的内核，并产生碎片这将继续创造我们的月
球。
“这非常、非常、非常令人兴奋，”源说。“以前没有做过（建模）。”
Building a theory
The study Yuan published this week includes coauthors from a variety of
disciplines across a range of institutions, including Arizona State, Caltech,
the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory and NASA’s Ames Research Center.
When asked whether he expects to encounter pushback or controversy over such
a novel concept — that slabs of material from an ancient extraterrestrial
planet are hidden deep within the Earth — Yuan replied: “I also want to
stress this is an idea; this is a hypothesis.
建立理论
源本周发表的研究报告包括来自多个机构的不同学科的合著者，包括亚利桑那州立大学、
加州理工学院、上海天文台和美国宇航局艾姆斯研究中心。
当被问及他是否预计会遇到这样一个新颖的概念—来自古代外星行星的物质板隐藏在地球
深处—的阻力或争议时，源回答说：“我还想强调，这是一个想法；这只是一个想法
。” 这是一个假设。
“There’s no way to prove this must be the case,” he added. “I welcome
other people to do this (research).”
Desch added that, in his view, “this work is compelling. It makes a very
strong case.” It even seems “sort of obvious in hindsight.”
Dr. Seth Jacobson, an assistant professor of planetary science at Michigan
State University, acknowledged that the theory may not, however, soon reach
broad acceptance.
“没有办法证明情况一定如此，”他补充道。“我欢迎其他人来做这件事（研究）。”
德施补充说，在他看来，“这项工作非常引人注目。这是一个非常有力的案例。” 甚至
“事后看来，这似乎是显而易见的”。
密西根州立大学行星科学助理教授塞斯·雅各布森博士承认，然而，这一理论可能不会很
快被广泛接受。
“These (LLVPs) — they’re an area themselves of very active research,”
said Jacobson, who was not involved in the study. And the tools used to study
them are constantly evolving.
The idea that Theia created the LLVPs is no doubt an exciting and
eye-catching hypothesis, he added, but it’s not the only one out there.
“这些（LLVPs）—它们本身就是一个非常活跃的研究领域，”雅各布森说，他没有参与
这项研究。用于研究它们的工具也在不断发展。
他补充说，忒伊亚创造LLVPs的想法无疑是一个令人兴奋且引人注目的假设，但这并不是
唯一的假设。
One other theory, for example, posits that LLVPs are actually heaps of
oceanic crust that have sunk to the depths of the mantle over billions of
years.
“I doubt the advocates for other hypotheses (about LLVP formation) are going
to abandon them just because this one has appeared,” Jacobson added. “I
think we’ll be debating this for quite some time.”
例如，另一种理论认为，LLVPs 实际上是数十亿年来沉入地函深处的海洋地壳堆。
“我怀疑其他假设（关于LLVPs形成）的倡导者会仅仅因为这个假设的出现而放弃它们，
”雅各布森补充道。“我想我们会就这个问题争论相当长一段时间。”
5.完整新闻连结 (或短网址)不可用YAHOO、LINE、MSN等转载媒体:
https://reurl.cc/a48vqZ
6.备注:
黑白双月正确坠落地点不在南极跟日本，而是在非洲跟太平洋！
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lWGRc7l81RY
我也可以一起去钻探看看吗？
https://imgur.com/UsJe51O https://imgur.com/UoR8Smy
https://imgur.com/dNDXjot https://imgur.com/uphMYun
https://imgur.com/mDgpRhT