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1.媒体来源:
路透社独家
2.记者署名:
By Tim Kelly
Tim Kelly
Reuters
Tim Kelly
3.完整新闻标题:
Exclusive: US seeking explosives in Japan for Ukraine artillery shells
独家：美国在日本寻求用于乌克兰砲弹的炸药
4.完整新闻内文:
Exclusive: US seeking explosives in Japan for Ukraine artillery shells
By Tim Kelly, Nobuhiro Kubo, Yukiko Toyoda and Kaori Kaneko
June 2, 20232:01 PM GMT+8Updated 2 hours ago
TOKYO, June 2 (Reuters) - The United States is seeking to secure supplies of
TNT in Japan for 155mm artillery shells, as Washington rushes weapons and
ammunition to Ukraine for a counteroffensive against Russian forces, two
people familiar with the matter told Reuters.
For war-renouncing Japan, any procurement would test its willingness to court
controversy to help Kyiv because export rules ban Japanese companies from
selling lethal items overseas, such as the howitzer shells that Ukraine fires
daily at Russian units occupying its southeastern regions.
东京，6 月 2 日（路透社）—两名知情人士告诉路透社，美国正寻求在日本获得用于
155 毫米砲弹的 TNT 供应，因为华盛顿正在向乌克兰运送武器和弹药以反击俄罗斯军队
。
对于放弃战争的日本来说，任何采购都将考验其是否愿意招致争议以帮助基辅，因为出口
规则禁止日本公司向海外销售致命物品，例如乌克兰每天向占领其东南地区的俄罗斯部队
发射的榴弹砲弹。
Nonetheless, the allies appear to have found a workaround to enable the TNT
sale amid global shortages of munitions.
"There is a way for the United States to buy explosives from Japan," one of
the people with knowledge of discussions on the matter in Japan told Reuters
on the condition of anonymity, citing the issue's sensitivity.
Export restrictions for dual-use products or equipment sold commercially are
less stringent than for items with a purely military purpose, which is why
the U.S. can buy Panasonic Toughbook laptops for its military.
尽管如此，在全球弹药短缺的情况下，盟国似乎已经找到了一种解决方法，可以进行
TNT 销售。
“美国有办法从日本购买炸药，”一位不愿透露姓名的日本知情人士告诉路透社，理由是
这个问题很敏感。
商业销售的两用产品或设备的出口限制不如纯军事用途的物品严格，这就是美国可以为其
军队购买松下 Toughbook 笔记本电脑的原因。
Tokyo, which hosted U.S. Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin this week, has told
the U.S. government it will allow the sale of industrial TNT because the
explosive is not a military-use-only product, the other source said.
The U.S. wants to plug a Japanese company into a TNT supply chain to deliver
explosives to U.S. army-owned munitions plants that would pack them into
155mm shell cases, the person added.
Japan's Ministry of Trade, Industry and Economy declined to say whether any
Japanese company had approached it about exporting TNT. It added in an email
that items not subject to military restrictions would be assessed under
regular export rules that consider the buyer's intent, including whether
their use would impede international security.
The Japanese defence ministry's Acquisition, Technology and Logistics Agency
declined to comment.
另一位消息人士称，东京本周接待了美国国防部长劳埃德奥斯汀，东京已告诉美国政府，
它将允许销售工业 TNT，因为这种炸药不是仅供军事使用的产品。
这位知情人士补充说，美国希望将一家日本公司纳入 TNT 供应链，以将炸药运送到美国
陆军拥有的弹药厂，这些弹药厂将把炸药装入 155 毫米弹壳中。
日本贸易、工业和经济部拒绝透露是否有任何日本公司就出口 TNT 与它接洽。它在一封
电子邮件中补充说，不受军事限制的物品将根据考虑买方意图的常规出口规则进行评估，
包括它们的使用是否会妨碍国际安全。
日本防卫省采购、技术和后勤局拒绝置评。
The U.S. State Department did not directly address questions from Reuters
about whether the U.S. planned to buy TNT in Japan but said Washington was
working with allies and partners "to provide Ukraine with the support it
needs" to defend itself. Japan, it added, "has demonstrated leadership in
supporting Ukraine's defense".
美国国务院没有直接回答路透社关于美国是否计划在日本购买 TNT 的问题，但表示华盛
顿正在与盟友和合作伙伴合作，“向乌克兰提供其所需的支持”以保护自己。它补充说，
日本“在支持乌克兰的防御方面表现杰出”。
EAGER TO HELP
Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida wants to help Ukraine because his
administration fears a Russian victory would embolden China to attack Taiwan
and embroil his country in a regional war. Last year, he warned that Ukraine
may be "East Asia tomorrow", and his administration announced Japan's biggest
military build-up since World War Two.
That retreat from the state pacifism that has dominated Japan's foreign
policy for decades has not so far extended to lethal military aid, limiting
Tokyo's offerings to Kyiv to kit such as flak jackets, helmets and food
rations.
Following Ukraine President Volodymyr Zelenskiy's visit to Japan during the
Hiroshima G7 leaders summit last month, Kishida agreed to donate jeeps and
trucks.
热心帮助
日本首相岸田文雄希望帮助乌克兰，因为他的政府担心俄罗斯的胜利会鼓励中国攻击台湾
并使他的国家卷入地区战争。去年，他警告说乌克兰可能是“明天的东亚”，他的政府宣
布了日本自第二次世界大战以来最大规模的军事集结。
几十年来主导日本外交政策的国家和平主义的倒退迄今还没有扩展到致命的军事援助，东
京向基辅提供的物资仅限于防弹衣、头盔和口粮等装备。
上个月在广岛 G7 领导人峰会期间乌克兰总统泽伦斯基访问日本后，岸田同意捐赠吉普车
和卡车。
There appears to be growing acceptance in Japan about providing military aid
to Ukraine, but the degree of lethality is contentious, said Tsuneo Watanabe,
a senior fellow at the Sasakawa Peace Foundation.
"The fact that Japan has decided to give trucks to Ukraine shows that things
are changing. However, there doesn't yet appear to be any political consensus
around the issue of sending lethal aid," he said.
Japan is one of dozens of friends and allies that Washington is asking to
help arm Ukraine as it wrestles with stretched military supply chains.
South Korea, which also uses 155mm shells, is among those the U.S. has
approached. A South Korean defence official told Reuters that Seoul's stance
against providing lethal aid to Kyiv had not changed.
笹川和平财团高级研究员渡边恒雄表示，日本似乎越来越接受向乌克兰提供军事援助，但
杀伤力的程度存在争议。
“日本决定向乌克兰提供卡车这一事实表明情况正在发生变化。然而，在发送致命援助问
题上似乎尚未达成任何政治共识，”他说。
在乌克兰努力应对紧张的军事供应链之际，日本是华盛顿要求帮助武装乌克兰的数十个朋
友和盟友之一。
同样使用 155 毫米砲弹的韩国是美国接触过的国家之一。一名韩国国防官员告诉路透社
，首尔反对向基辅提供致命援助的立场没有改变。
Asked in Tokyo this week about the possibility of a shift in Japanese policy
on lethal aid, Austin said at a press briefing that any change would be a
matter for Japan but "any bit of support" for Ukraine was "always welcome".
The sources who spoke to Reuters declined to identify the Japanese company
that would supply explosives to the U.S. government and did not say how much
TNT Washington wanted to buy.
Reuters contacted 22 explosives makers listed on the Japan Explosives
Industry Association's website. The only one that said it made industrial TNT
was Chugoku Kayaku, an Hiroshima-based firm that supplies Japan's military.
本周在东京被问及日本关于致命援助政策转变的可能性时，奥斯汀在新闻发布会上说，任
何改变都将是日本的事，但对乌克兰的“任何一点支持”“总是受欢迎的”。
与路透社交谈的消息人士拒绝透露将向美国政府供应爆炸物的日本公司，也没有说明华盛
顿想购买多少 TNT。
路透社联系了日本炸药工业协会网站上列出的 22 家炸药制造商。唯一一家声称自己生产
工业 TNT 的公司是 Chugoku Kayaku，这是一家位于广岛的公司，为日本军队提供产品。
"We have not received any direct inquiry from the U.S. government or U.S.
military," the company said in an email.
Asked if it was discussing any TNT sales through an intermediary, the firm,
which lists an industrial TNT product on its website, said it did not
disclose the identity of customers or potential buyers.
“我们没有收到美国政府或美国军方的任何直接询问，”该公司在一封电子邮件中说。
当被问及是否正在讨论通过中介进行任何 TNT 销售时，该公司在其网站上列出了一种工
业 TNT 产品，该公司表示没有透露客户或潜在买家的身份。
JAPAN'S NEXT MOVE
Supplying commercial TNT to the U.S. may only be a stop-gap measure because
many lawmakers of Japan's ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) want to ease
or eliminate the export restrictions.
In December, when Kishida announced Japan's five-year military build-up, he
pledged to revise the export rules, opening up the possibility that Japan
could supply lethal weapons not only to Ukraine, but to other nations that
Tokyo and Washington see as potential allies against Russia and China.
Akihisa Nagashima, a former deputy defence minister and a ranking LDP member
of the parliamentary committee on national security, said the military
build-up would take Japan four-fifths of the way to becoming a "normal
country" unencumbered by the legacy of its World War Two defeat.
"Tackling the export restrictions is the remaining 20%," he said.
日本的下一步行动
向美国供应商业 TNT 可能只是权宜之计，因为日本执政的自民党 (LDP) 的许多立法者希
望放宽或取消出口限制。
去年 12 月，当岸田宣布日本的五年军备计划时，他承诺修改出口规则，开启了日本不仅
可以向乌克兰，而且可以向东京和华盛顿视为潜在盟友的其他国家提供致命武器的可能性
抵抗俄罗斯和中国。
Reporting by Tim Kelly, Nobuhiro Kubo, Yukiko Toyoda and Kaori Kaneko in
Tokyo; additional reporting by Idrees Ali in Washington and Ju-min Park in
Seoul; editing by David Crawshaw
5.完整新闻连结 (或短网址)不可用YAHOO、LINE、MSN等转载媒体:
https://reurl.cc/GAbogD
6.备注:
因为日本有在生产TNT的公司屈指可数，基本上没有什么悬念。
https://www.chugokukayaku.co.jp/
讽刺的是广岛真的是领教过人类史上最顶级爆炸的地方...