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1.媒体来源:TIME
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2.记者署名:ALICE PARK
※ 若新闻没有记者名字或编辑名字，请勿张贴，否则会被水桶14天
※ 外电至少要有来源或编辑 如:法新社


3.完整新闻标题:
Scientists Find a New Coronavirus in Bats That Is Resistant
to Current Vaccines
> 科学家们在蝙蝠身上发现了一种新的冠状病毒，这种冠状病毒对
目前的疫苗有抵抗力


4.完整新闻内文:
It's the news that public health experts expect but dread:
virus-hunting researchers have discovered a new coronavirus
in bats that could spell trouble for the human population.
The virus can infect human cells and is already able to skirt
the immune protection from COVID-19 vaccines.
这是公共卫生专家预料到但又害怕的消息：侦搜病毒研究人员在蝙蝠
身上发现了一种新的冠状病毒，可能会给人类带来麻烦。
该病毒可以感染人体细胞，并且已经能够绕过 COVID-19 疫苗的免疫保护。

注: 我不太清楚 virus-hunting 要怎么翻，查了一下感觉工作是
侦测和搜寻新病毒(尤其是会造成 pandemic)

Reporting in the journal PLoS Pathogens, scientists led by
Michael Letko, assistant professor in the Paul Allen School of
Public Health at Washington State University, found a group of
coronaviruses similar to SARS-CoV-2 that were initially
discovered living in bats in Russia in 2020. At the time,
scientists did not think the virus, called Khosta-2,
posed a threat to people.

华盛顿州立大学保罗艾伦公共卫生学院助理教授 Michael Letko 领导的
科学家在 PLoS Pathogens 期刊上刊载，发现了一组类似于 SARS-CoV-2
的冠状病毒，这些冠状病毒最初是在 2020 生活在俄罗斯的蝙蝠中发现的。
当时，科学家们并不认为这种名为 Khosta-2 的病毒对人类构成威胁。

But when Letko's team did a more careful analysis, they found
that the virus could infect human cells in the lab,
the first warning sign that it could become a possible public
health threat. A related virus also found in the Russian bats,
Khosta-1, could not enter human cells readily, but Khosta-2 could.
Khosta-2 attaches to the same protein, ACE2, that SARS-CoV-2 uses
to penetrate human cells. "Receptors on human cells are the way
that viruses get into cells," says Letko. "If a virus can't get
in the door, then it can't get into the cell, and it's difficult
to establish any type of infection."

但当 Letko 的团队进行更仔细的分析时，
他们发现该病毒可以在实验室中感染人体细胞，这是它可能成为公共卫生
威胁的第一个警讯。在俄罗斯蝙蝠中也发现了一种相关病毒，
Khosta-1 不能轻易进入人体细胞，但 Khosta-2 可以。Khosta-2 附着在
SARS-CoV-2 用来穿透人体细胞的相同蛋白质 ACE2 上。
莱斯特说:"人体细胞上的受体是病毒进入细胞的方式，如果病毒进不了门
，就进不了细胞，就很难产生任何类型的感染。"

Khosta-2 doesn't appear to have that problem, since it seems to
infect human cells readily. Even more troubling, when Letko
combined serum from people who have been vaccinated against
COVID-19 with Khosta-2, the antibodies in the serum did not
neutralize the virus. The same thing happened when they combined
the Khosta-2 virus with serum from people who had recovered from
Omicron infections.
Khosta-2 似乎没有这个问题，因为它似乎很容易感染人体细胞。
更糟糕的是，当 Letko 将接种过 COVID-19 疫苗的人的血清与
Khosta-2 结合时，血清中的抗体并没有中和病毒。
当他们将 Khosta-2 病毒与从 Omicron 感染中康复的人的血清结合时，
也发生了同样的事情。

"We don't want to scare anybody and say this is a completely
vaccine-resistant virus," Letko says. "But it is concerning
that there are viruses circulating in nature that have these
properties—they can bind to human receptors and are not so
neutralized by current vaccine responses."
莱特科说:“我们不想吓唬任何人，并说这是一种完全抵抗疫苗的病毒，
但令人担忧的是，自然界中流通具有这些特性的病毒——它们可以与
人类受体结合，并且不会被当前的疫苗反应中和。”

The good news is that Letko's studies show that, like the
Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, Khosta-2 does not seem to have
genes that would suggest it could cause serious disease in people.
But that could change if Khosta-2 starts circulating more widely
and mixing with genes from SARS-CoV-2. "One of the things we're
worried about is that when related coronaviruses get into the same
animal, and into the same cells, then they can recombine and out
comes a new virus," says Letko. "The worry is that SARS-CoV-2 could
spill back over to animals infected with something like Khosta-2
and recombine and then infect human cells. They could be resistant
to vaccine-immunity and also have some more virulent factors.
What the chances of that are, who knows. But it could in theory
happen during a recombination event."
好消息是，Letko 的研究表明，与 SARS-CoV-2 的 Omicron 变种一样，
Khosta-2 似乎没有表明它可能导致人类严重疾病的基因。但如果 Khosta-2
开始更广泛地传播并与 SARS-CoV-2 的基因混合，这种情况可能会改变。
莱斯特说:“我们担心的一件事是，当相关的冠状病毒进入同一个动物和
同一个细胞时，它们会重组并产生一种新病毒，令人担忧的是，
SARS-CoV-2 可能会流到感染了 Khosta-2 之类的动物身上，然后重组
并感染人类细胞。它们可能对疫苗免疫具有抵抗力，并且还具有一些更具毒性
的因素。有多少机会，谁知道呢。但理论上它可能发生在重组事件中。"

It's a sobering reminder that pathogens are ready and waiting to
jump from any number of animal species into humans. And in many
cases, as with SARS-CoV-2, these microbes will be new to people
and therefore encounter little resistance in the form of immunity
against them. "These viruses are really widespread everywhere,
and are going to continue to be an issue for humans in general,"
says Letko.
这是一个发人深省的提醒，病原体已经准备好并等待从任何数量的
动物物种跳入人类。在许多情况下，与 SARS-CoV-2 一样，这些微生物对
人类来说是新的，因此对于它们几乎不会遇到任何免疫型式的抵抗力。
莱斯特说:“这些病毒确实无处不在，并且将继续成为人类普遍面临的
问题。”

The findings come as the World Health Organization's (WHO) ACT—
Accelerator's Council Tracking and Accelerating Progress—working
group report that continued response to the COVID-19 pandemic, in
37mthe form of testing, vaccinations, and treatments, is stalling.
With lower global immunity to the current SARS-CoV-2 virus,
combating any new pathogens, including new coronaviruses like
Khosta-2, would become more difficult. According to the latest
data collected by the WHO, a quarter of people around the world
still have not received a primary series of COVID-19 vaccination.

调查结果发布之际，世界卫生组织 (WHO) 的 ACT
（加速器委员会跟踪和加速进展）工作组报告称，以检测、疫苗接种和治疗
的形式对 COVID-19 大流行的持续反应正在停滞不前。由于全球对当前
SARS-CoV-2 病毒的免疫力较低，对抗任何新病原体，包括 Khosta-2
等新型冠状病毒，都将变得更加困难。根据世卫收集的最新数据，
全球仍有四分之一的人尚未接种 COVID-19 单价系列疫苗。

Ultimately, having deeper dossiers on the microbial world,
especially information on how well certain viruses can infect
human cells, for example, will be important to making the response
to public health threats more efficient and more powerful.
Letko is working on building a database that includes information
on which human receptors viruses use to infect cells, and whether
or not those viruses can evade existing vaccines. That way, he says,
when new microbes are discovered that are similar to those in the
database, researchers could have a head start on understanding how
to control them. "At some point in the future, as these outbreaks
continue, we won't have to scramble whenever a new virus spills over
into people," he says. "We could plug the virus into the database,
and understand that it probably uses these receptors to get into
human cells, and might be resistant to these types of vaccines or
treatments. It's a 10- to 20-year goal, but it's possible.
It's not just a pipe dream."
最终，对微生物世界拥有更深入的参考资料，尤其是有关某些病毒如何能够
感染人体细胞的资讯，例如，应对公共卫生威胁的工作更有效和更强大，
将是非常重要的。莱特科正在努力建立一个数据库，其中包括病毒使用哪些
人类受体来感染细胞的资讯，以及这些病毒是否能躲避现有的疫苗。
这样一来，当发现与数据库中的微生物相似的新微生物时，研究人员就可以
在了解如何控制它们方面取得先机。他说：“在未来的某个时候，随着这些
疫情的持续爆发，每当有新的病毒蔓延到人们身上时，我们就不必慌乱了。
我们可以将病毒插入数据库，并了解到它可能利用这些受体进入人体细胞，
可能对这些类型的疫苗或治疗产生抵抗性。这是一个10到20年的目标，
但它是可能的。这不会只是一个白日梦。”


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6.备注:
虽然前面看起来很恐怖，不过谁知道什么时候会重组成更厉害的病毒...
不过能够感染人类细胞，而且对于康复者和接种者都有抵抗力还是值得关注