原文 https://rsf.org/en/news/rsfs-2021-press-freedom-predators-gallery-old-tyrants-
two-women-and-european
缩 https://reurl.cc/NrNYv9
记者无国界组织(RSF) 2021年"新闻自由掠夺者"荣誉榜
Nearly half (17) of the predators are making their first appearance onthe 2021
list, which RSF is publishing five years after the last one, from 2016. All are
heads of state or government who trample on press freedom by creating a
censorship apparatus, jailing journalists arbitrarily or inciting violence
against them, when they don’t have blood on their hands because they have
directly or indirectly pushed for journalists to be murdered.
这些政府领袖以直接或间接的方式杀害新闻记者
他们透过审查机制,对记者任意监禁并煽动暴力来践踏新闻自由
名单的37中 有17位是自上一次发布(2016)以来第一次上榜
记者无国际组织(RSF)新闻自由地图
https://rsf.org/en/ranking
https://i.imgur.com/THdLYxw.png
The average age of the predators is 66. More than a third (13) of these tyrants
come from the Asia-Pacific region.
这些暴君的平均年龄是66岁 超过三分之一来自亚太地区
Each of these predators has their own style. Some impose a reign of terror by
issuing irrational and paranoid orders. Others adopt a carefully constructed
strategy based on draconian laws.
名单中的"新闻自由掠夺者"们各有特色
有的透过不合理又偏执的秩序进行恐怖统治 有的则精心策画建构了严酷的法律体系
New entrants
榜单新秀
The most notable of the list’s new entrants is undoubtedly Saudi Arabia’s 35-
year-old crown prince, Mohammed bin Salman, who is the center of all power in
his hands and heads a monarchy that tolerates no press freedom. His repressive
methods include spying and threats that have sometimes led to abduction,
torture and other unthinkable acts. Jamal Khashoggi’s horrific murder exposed
a predatory method that is simply barbaric.
35岁的沙特阿拉伯王储沙尔曼是名单中的崛起新星
处于权力中心的他领导了一个对新闻自由零容忍的君主制
他的技能是间谍与胁迫 有时候包含绑架与酷刑
对记者哈绍吉的暗杀 是其经典之作
参见 https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/202102270007.aspx
The new entrants also include predators of a very different nature such as
Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro, whose aggressive and crude rhetoric about
the media has reached new heights since the start of the pandemic, and a
European prime minister, Hungary’s Viktor Orbán, the self-proclaimed champion
of “illiberal democracy” who has steadily and effectively undermined media
pluralism and independence since being returned to power in 2010.
巴西总统波索纳洛则是风格不同的后起之秀
自新冠疫情以来 他对媒体的粗鲁言词达到新高
另一方面 匈牙利总理奥班·维克多自2010年重新掌权后
一直稳定并有效率的破坏媒体多元与独立性
他一向自称是狭义民主(illiberal democracy)的支持者
Women predators
女力崛起
The first two women predators are both from Asia. One is Carrie Lam, who heads
a government that was still democratic when she took over. The chief executive
of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region since 2017, Lam has proved to be
the puppet of Chinese President Xi Jinping, and now openly supports his
predatory policies towards the media. They led to the closure of Hong Kong’s
leading independent newspaper, Apple Daily, on 24 June and the jailing of its
founder, Jimmy Lai, a 2020 RSF Press Freedom laureate.
林郑月娥2017年上任之时香港仍是民主的
不过他已经成功地证明了自己是习近平的傀儡
他们关闭了独立报纸苹果日报
并将2020年RSF新闻自由奖得主黎智英关入监狱
The other woman predator is Sheikh Hasina, Bangladesh’s prime minister since
2009 and the daughter of the country’s independence hero. Her predatory
exploits include the adoption of a digital security law in 2018 that has led to
more than 70 journalists and bloggers being prosecuted.
2009年上台的孟加拉总理谢赫·哈西娜是独立英雄的女儿
他在2018年过了一项数位安全法 导致超过70名记者与网络写手被起诉
Historic predators
不倒长青树
Some of the predators have been on this list since RSF began compiling it 20
years ago. Syria’s President Bashar al-Assad and Ali Khamenei, the Supreme
Leader of Iran’s Islamic Revolution, were on the very first list, as were two
leaders from the Eastern Europe and Central Asia region, Russia’s Vladimir
Putin and Belarus’s Alexander Lukashenko, whose recent predatory inventiveness
has won him even more notoriety. In all, seven of the 37 leaders on the latest
list have retained their places since the first list RSF published in 2001.
从20年前记者无国界组织(RSF)开始列表以来这几位就榜上有名了:
叙利亚总统阿塞德, 伊朗最高领袖哈米尼, 俄罗斯总统普亭, 白罗斯总统卢卡申科
自RSF于2001年发布第一分名单以来 共有7个人保住了他们的位置
Three of the historic predators are from Africa, the region where they reign
longest. Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, 79, has been Equatorial Guinea’s
president since 1979, while Isaias Afwerki, whose country is ranked last in the
2021 World Press Freedom Index, has been Eritrea’s president since 1993. Paul
Kagame, who was appointed Rwanda’s vice-president in 1994 before taking over
as president in 2000, will be able to continue ruling until 2034.
其中三位统治最久的"掠夺者"来自非洲
79岁的恩格玛从1979年起就担任赤道几内亚的总统
在厄立特里亚总统伊萨亚斯·阿费沃尔基的领导下
厄立特里亚荣获2021年世界新闻自由指数的最后一名
而2020年上任的卢旺达总统 保罗·卡加米预计将任职到2034年
For each of the predators, RSF has compiled a file identifying their “
predatory method,” how they censor and persecute journalists, and their “
favourite targets” – the kinds of journalists and media outlets they go after
. The file also includes quotations from speeches or interviews in which they
“justify” their predatory behaviour, and their country’s ranking in the
World Press Freedom Index.
每一位"掠夺者" 记者无国界组织(RSF)都替他们建立了一份档案
内容包含他们擅长的技能 与最喜欢攻击的目标 像是媒体或记者的种类
并且包含他们为自己的辩解 以及其国家在世界新闻自由指数中的排名
记者无国界组织曾在2020年发布过数位新闻自由掠夺者名单
2021年底预计将再发表非国家新闻自由掠夺者名单
2020数位新闻自由掠夺者
https://rsf.org/en/news/rsf-unveils-202020-list-press-freedoms-digital-
predators
缩 https://reurl.cc/O0RR9A
以下为 2021年"新闻自由掠夺者" 全体榜单
https://rsf.org/en/portraits/predator
欧洲
白罗斯总统 卢卡申科 https://i.imgur.com/urYEHn3.jpg
车臣总统 拉姆赞·卡迪罗夫 https://i.imgur.com/0UZ47AS.jpg
匈牙利总理 奥班·维克多 https://i.imgur.com/FgMVv0O.png
俄罗斯总统 普亭 https://i.imgur.com/UY5r0RG.jpg
东亚
香港特首 林郑月娥 https://i.imgur.com/VztEazD.png
北韩最高领导人 金正恩 https://i.imgur.com/WiQOsJo.jpg
中国共产党总书记 习近平 https://i.imgur.com/Lnd4Tp8.jpg
东南亚
柬埔寨首相 洪森 https://i.imgur.com/oFiyhuY.png
新加坡总理 李显龙 https://i.imgur.com/Cp2osn7.png
缅甸军政府领导敏昂来 https://i.imgur.com/fYWL3Zh.png
越南共产党总书记 阮富仲 https://i.imgur.com/AnjQrTT.jpg
泰国总理 帕拉育 https://i.imgur.com/1CbmBYY.jpg
菲律宾总统 杜特地 https://i.imgur.com/wSiEsjs.png
南亚
孟加拉总理 谢赫·哈西娜 https://i.imgur.com/kHOVmZU.png
印度总理 莫迪 https://i.imgur.com/tcxZxzp.png
斯里兰卡总统 戈塔巴雅·拉贾帕克萨 https://i.imgur.com/Hw8H2SR.png
巴基斯坦总理 伊姆兰 https://i.imgur.com/eItHuMJ.png
中西亚
伊朗最高领袖 哈米尼 https://i.imgur.com/WesRW0t.jpg
叙利亚总统 阿塞德 https://i.imgur.com/DHQ9mI0.jpg
塔吉克斯坦总统 埃莫马利·拉赫蒙 https://i.imgur.com/FhPEbV1.png
土库曼斯坦总统 库尔班古力·别尔德穆哈梅多夫 https://i.imgur.com/SG0RpQR.jpg
巴林国王 阿勒哈利法 https://i.imgur.com/LnwLbUt.jpg
阿塞拜疆 总统 伊利哈姆·阿利耶夫 https://i.imgur.com/6koBygm.jpg
沙特阿拉伯王储 沙尔曼 https://i.imgur.com/XyCZy6G.png
土耳其总统 艾尔多安 https://i.imgur.com/vByn2jg.jpg
非洲
埃及总统 塞西 https://i.imgur.com/n3JjSLt.jpg
吉布提总统 伊斯梅尔·奥马尔·盖雷 https://i.imgur.com/iKiyyKy.png
厄立特里亚总统 伊萨亚斯·阿费沃尔基 https://i.imgur.com/O6PogQT.jpg
喀麦隆总统 保罗·比亚 https://i.imgur.com/UzCYi6n.png
卢旺达总统 保罗·卡加米 https://i.imgur.com/0dYjx3e.jpg
南苏丹总统 萨尔瓦·基尔 https://i.imgur.com/sW7Pf9Z.jpg
赤道几内亚总统 恩格玛 https://i.imgur.com/tStU3sr.jpg
乌干达总统 穆塞维尼 https://i.imgur.com/njQrGg8.png
美洲
尼加拉瓜总统(台湾友邦) 丹尼尔·奥蒂嘉 https://i.imgur.com/kkCqWYG.png
巴西总统 波索纳洛 https://i.imgur.com/lAg8DFt.png
古巴总统 狄亚士-卡奈 https://i.imgur.com/Gvw8N8z.png
委内瑞拉总统 尼古拉斯·马杜洛 https://i.imgur.com/KCh16Oe.jpg