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1.媒体来源:
澳广 ABC
2.记者署名:
Ben Millington
3.完整新闻标题:
中国制裁未见效，澳洲煤炭出口维持强档
4.完整新闻内文:
While Australian coal remains off limits in China, the trade tensions have
barely dented overall export figures from Australia's largest coal terminal,
with producers finding other international markets.
虽然澳洲煤炭仍禁入中国，这场贸易紧张态势对澳洲纽卡索港（澳洲最大煤炭出口港）
的出口数据几无皮肉伤，因为煤商已经找了其他国际买家。
China usually accounts for 20 per cent of exports from the Port of Newcastle,
and when coal ships stopped leaving for China in November, it raised the
prospect of a shortfall in demand.
以往，纽卡索港出口总量中，有两成销往中国，但就在十一月起澳洲不再把煤炭销往中
国之际，人们原本预估澳洲煤在市场上会供过于求。
Yet, overall export figures for December show only a 3 per cent decline on
the previous year.
然而，十二月份的出口总数据显示，澳洲煤的出口量比起前一年仅下滑 3%。
Rory Simington, senior analyst with Wood Mackenzie, said the international
coal market had rebalanced itself "remarkably quickly" in the face of the
trade war.
Wood Machenzie 能源公司资深分析师 Rory Simington 表示，国际煤炭市场在面对
这场贸易战时，自我平衡的速度“非常神速”。
Mr Simington said new markets had opened for Australian producers, ironically
as a result of China's surging power demand for heating through a bitterly
cold northern winter.
Simington表示，中国华北地区在霸王级寒冬中对供暖能源需求的暴升，讽刺地反而替
澳洲煤炭打开了新的市场。
"The Chinese coal market's in a bit of chaos at the moment because there's
an extremely cold winter there and prices for domestic coal are extremely
high," Mr Simington said.
Simington 说道：“中国煤炭市场现在陷入一些混乱当中，因为眼下中国正值极冻寒冬
而且其国内煤炭需求非常非常高。”
"So they've gone to other places like Indonesia, Russia, South Africa and
have pushed up prices in those destinations — that has provided
opportunities for Australian coal into other destinations that it wouldn't
normally compete into.
“于是，他们便向其他卖家如印尼、俄罗斯、南非等国买炭，然后就把那些国家的煤炭
价格推高了。如此一来便给了澳洲机会，将煤炭销到一些原本澳煤没竞争优势的市场。”
"If China pushes up Indonesian prices, that means a consumer in India is
looking at relatively much higher prices for Indonesian coal, and they're
saying, 'well, I'll just have some Australian, thanks'."
“要是中国把印尼煤价抬高了，那印度的买家如果要买印尼的煤，就得面对更高的价格
，他们就会说‘老板，给我来份澳洲煤，谢谢。’”
Mr Simington said new export orders to India, Pakistan, Turkey and even
Spain had cushioned the shock for Australian coal producers.
Simington 说道，来自印度、巴基斯坦、土耳其、甚至是西班牙的新订单，让澳洲煤商
原本面对的冲击能够得到减缓。
In its December quarterly statement to the ASX, Whitehaven Coal explained
that they were sourcing Australian coal through other countries:
Whitehaven 煤炭公司在对澳洲证交所第四季的报告当中，说明了中国正在透过第三国
购买澳洲煤炭。报告引文如下：
China has supplemented its domestic coal production with higher cost coal
from alternative origins such as Russia, Indonesia and South Africa.
In addition, late in 2020 China lifted its total import quota in response
to strong domestic demand and an extremely cold winter.
China's restrictions have altered seaborne coal trade flows where, instead
of being delivered to China, Australian coal is now finding customers in
alternate destinations including India, Pakistan and the Middle East, and
traded coal historically delivered into these markets is finding its way
into China.
“ 中国除了国产煤外，也从其他高成本煤炭产地如俄国、印尼、南非等进口煤炭
作为补充。
此外，2020年末，中国为了因应霸王级寒冬以及国内对煤高度需求，便取消了
煤炭输入配额限制。
中国对澳煤的禁令改变了煤炭海运路线生态，原本输往中国的澳煤现在在替代
市场找到了买家，其中包括印度、巴基斯坦、以及中东诸国，这些国家会把向澳洲
买的煤炭再转手卖给中国。”
Annual figures for Port Waratah Coal Services (PWCS), which handles the bulk
of coal loading in the Port of Newcastle, show its exports to China dropped
from 18 per cent in 2019 to 8 per cent in 2020.
负责纽卡索港煤炭装货的PWCS公司的年度数据显示，销往中国的煤炭对整体煤炭外销的
占比从2019年的18%，降到了2020年的8%。
But overall there was only a 4 per cent decline, which PWCS chief executive
Hennie de Plooy attributed to the pandemic
但是整体煤炭外销的降幅仅4%，而PWCS执行长Hennie de Plooy将之归因于疫情。
"Certainly very little coal from here went into China sort of in the last
four or five months of the year, but producers in the Hunter Valley were able
to find replacement markets for basically all of the coal that didn't go to
China," he said.
“过去的四五个月当中，从这里销往中国的煤炭自然是很少，但杭特谷这里的煤商已经
为所有没成功卖到中国的煤炭找到了替代市场。”
"I think the main impact was actually the pandemic, the demand really
softened in the first half of the year around April-May, when a lot of the
economies basically shut down and energy demand dropped.
"Economies restarted in the second half and demand picked up."
“我认为主要的影响是来自疫情。在去年上半年四五月左右需求真的下滑了，因为那阵子
许多经济活动都停了下来，使得能源需求下跌。
到了下半年，经济活动又恢复了过来，需求就自然回升。”
In another win for the industry, thermal coal prices rose significantly at
the end of 2020, up from a low of around $US50 a tonne, where many Australian
coal producers are cash negative, to now above $US80 a tonne.
澳煤还有另一个佳音，热能煤炭价格自2020年底各大煤商赔钱之际的每吨50美元低点，
窜涨到现今的每吨80美元
Mr Simington said the prices were being driven not only by China but also
Japan and other Northern Hemisphere countries experiencing the cold winter.
Simington 表示，煤价上涨不只因为中国，也因为北半球其他国家如日本也在面临极冷
的寒冬。
"Obviously this peak winter demand will pass and things will probably ease
off considerably around Chinese New Year, when it looks like the government
there is asking people to close up early as a reaction to coronavirus issues,"
he said.
他说：“显然，冬季的需求巅峰会过去，到春节左右就会平稳下来，届时中国政府又会
因为疫情叫大家提早收工放假。”
"So we're expecting to see quite a significant decline in China that could
bring prices down — but having said that, my feeling is that Chinese
domestic prices are going to support seaborne prices pretty significantly
through much of, if not all, of 2021.
“因此，我们期望接下来中国国内的煤价有机会下跌，但即使这样讲，我觉得中国的煤
价还是会在2021年大部份的时间里继续把海运煤炭的价格撑著。”
"Prices can come off an awful long way and still be supportive of where
seaborne prices are at the moment."
“（其国内）价格下跌得再多，都还是有可能继续把海运煤炭撑在现今的价格。”
Mr Simington said there was "absolutely no sign" of the Chinese Government
relenting on its Australian coal ban.
"I think the Chinese Government is showing that it's prepared to endure quite
a bit of pain with coal prices where they are in China," he said.
Simington 表示，中国政府“完全没有对澳煤禁令松绑的迹象”。
他说：“我觉得中国政府显示了他们已准备好要忍受高煤价所带来的各种痛楚。”
5.完整新闻连结 (或短网址):
https://tinyurl.com/y3pkaozw
6.备注:
结果倒头来黄豆的教训也没学到，禁澳煤反而还得跟别国买转手加价过的澳煤
鞭惩澳洲，澳洲不疼，韭菜冻死，中或最赢