1.媒体来源:
外媒
2.记者署名:
By Laura Geggel - Associate Editor a day ago
3.完整新闻标题:
Ancient Egyptian temple reveals previously unknown star constellations
4.完整新闻内文:
Ancient Egyptian temple reveals previously unknown star constellations
古埃及神庙揭示了以前未知的星座
由 劳拉Geggel -副主编 一天前
By Laura Geggel - Associate Editor a day ago
One constellation is called "Apedu n Ra," or "The Geese of Ra."
无名的圣座可能是属于太阳神拉
Here is the ancient Egyptian depiction of the Big Dipper, seen here in the
shape of a bull's leg. It includes seven stars and is tied to a stake by a
goddess in hippo form (right). The Big Dipper is considered the manifestation
of the evil god Seth, who murdered his brother Osiris. The goddess prevents
Seth from reaching Osiris in the underworld — a myth made possible because
the constellation never dips below the horizon.
(Image:Ahmed Amin)
标准的古埃及北斗七星壁画，内容是在女神的帮助下，栓牢的北斗七星绝不会坠落于
地平线之下。
The restoration of a soot-filled ancient Egyptian temple has revealed the
previously unknown names of ancient Egyptian constellations, according to
experts in Germany and Egypt.
The restoration has also uncovered the gorgeous original colors the ancient
Egyptians painted the 2,000-year-old temple.
据德国和埃及的专家称，对一个充满煤灰的古埃及神庙的修复工程中发现了未知星座。
修复工作还发现了古埃及人为这座具有2000年历史的寺庙艺术
As workers in Egypt remove soot and dirt from the temple, sometimes with a
mixture of alcohol and distilled water, the original painted carvings and
hieroglyphics beneath are so vibrant, "it looks like it was painted
yesterday," project leader Christian Leitz, a professor of Egyptology at the
University of Tübingen in Germany, told Live Science. "But we are not
repainting anything, we are just removing the soot."
随着埃及工人从庙宇中清除烟灰和污垢，有时用酒精和蒸馏水的混合物清除，下面的原始
彩绘雕刻和象形文字非常生动，“项目负责人克里斯蒂安·莱茨（Christian Leitz）教
授德国蒂宾根大学埃及学教授告诉Live Science。“但是我们没有重新粉刷任何东西，我
们只是在去除烟灰。”
During the restoration, researchers cleaned ancient carved scenes depicting
the constellations, including the Big Dipper (known as Mesekhtiu) and Orion
(known as Sah). They also found inscriptions about previously unknown
constellations, including one called "Apedu n Ra," or "the geese of Ra," who
is the ancient Egyptian sun deity, Leitz said.
在修复过程中，研究人员清理了描绘星座的古代雕刻场景，包括北斗七星（Mesekhtiu）
和猎户座（Orion）（Sah）。莱兹说，他们还发现了有关以前未知的星座的铭文，包括一
个叫做"Apedu n Ra," 或"the geese of Ra,"，他是古埃及的太阳神。
However, without an image to accompany these descriptions, there's no way to
know which stars in the night sky they describe, he said.
由于周遭没有发现注记的铭文，无法得知描述的具体星座。
Sanctuary to storage warehouse
The first modern description of the Greco-Roman temple, known as the Temple
of Esna, dates to 1589, when a Venetian trader visited Egypt and described
it, according to the UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology. The town of Esna, about
40 miles (60 kilometers) south of the ancient capital of Luxor, used to have
more temples, but two were quarried during the industrialization of Egypt,
while the largest one — the Temple of Esna — was used to store cotton
during the first half of the 19th century, Leitz said.
This sanctuary-turned-storage facility was likely valued for its location in
the city center. People began building houses and shacks directly against
some of its walls, and postcards from the 19th and 20th centuries show it
surrounded by rubble. Decades of neglect left the temple filthy, covered in
soot and bird droppings.
Today, only the vestibule is left. The large sandstone structure is supported
by 24 columns and also has 18 free-standing columns decorated with painted
carvings of plants. It stands about 120 feet long, 65 feet wide and 50 feet
high (37 by 20 by 15 meters). But it would have been dwarfed by the actual
temple, built under Roman Emperor Claudius (ruled A.D. 41-54). It's a mystery
what happened to this part of the temple; it was already gone by the time the
Venetian trader described it in the 16th century.
The temple's construction and decoration, which includes astronomical designs
on the ceiling, likely took 200 years, Leitz said.
This 2019 photo shows the temple of Esna from the east. (Image credit: Ahmed
Amin)
During the latest restoration, researchers discovered new inscriptions,
including those of the unknown constellations. Leitz noted that when the
ancient Egyptians decorated the temple, they would first draw a design in
black ink, then have an artisan carve the relief and then have a painter
paint the relief.
On the astronomical ceiling, many of the inscriptions were drawn in ink, but
not carved or painted.
"They were previously undetected under the soot and are now being exposed
piece by piece," Leitz said.
The project, which began in 2018, is a collaboration between the Institute
for Ancient Near Eastern Studies (IANES) at the University of Tübingen and
the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities.
Originally published on Live Science.
(以下机器翻译无校正)
避难所到仓库
根据UCLA埃及学百科全书，希腊罗马神庙的第一个现代描述，即埃斯纳神庙，可追溯到
1589年，当时一位威尼斯商人访问埃及并对其进行了描述。埃斯纳（Esna）镇位于卢克索
古城以南约40英里（60公里），曾经有更多的寺庙，但在埃及工业化期间有两座被采石，
而最大的一座-埃斯纳神庙（Temple of Esna）被用来储存莱茨说，在19世纪上半叶，棉
花成为棉花。
这种由庇护所转变为仓库的设施很可能因其在市中心的位置而受到重视。人们开始直接在
其某些墙壁上建造房屋和棚屋，19世纪和20世纪的明信片显示它被瓦砾包围。数十年的疏
忽使圣殿变得肮脏，布满了煤烟和鸟粪。
今天，只剩下前庭了。大型砂岩结构由24根柱子支撑，并有18根独立柱，柱头装饰有植物
彩绘雕刻。它长约120英尺，宽65英尺，高50英尺（37 x 20 x 15米）。但是，它会被罗
马皇帝克劳迪乌斯（Claudius）统治下建造的实际庙宇相形见拙（公元41-54年统治）。
寺庙的这部分发生了什么是个谜。到16世纪威尼斯商人描述它时，它已经不复存在了。
莱茨说，这座寺庙的建筑和装饰，包括天花板上的天文设计，大概用了200年。
这张2019年的照片显示了东方的埃斯纳神庙。
这张2019年的照片显示了东方的埃斯纳神庙。 （图片来源：艾哈迈德·阿明）
在最近的修复过程中，研究人员发现了新的铭文，包括那些未知星座的铭文。莱茨指出，
当古埃及人装饰圣殿时，他们将首先用黑色墨水绘制图案，然后由工匠雕刻浮雕，然后由
画家对浮雕进行绘画。
在天文天花板上，许多铭文是用墨水绘制的，但没有雕刻或绘画。
莱兹说：“它们以前在烟灰下未被发现，现在正在逐片暴露。”
该项目于2018年开始，是蒂宾根大学古代近东研究所（IANES）与埃及旅游与古物部之间
的合作。
最初发表在《生命科学》上。
5.完整新闻连结 (或短网址):
https://www.livescience.com/ancient-egyptian-star-constellations.html
6.备注:
如果在无名的法老王上方引导的是北斗七星，那下排的十四颗星是？
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-xsvyLnXR4