1.媒体来源:
纽约时报
2.记者署名:
Apoorva Mandavilli
译者Derek Hsu
3.完整新闻标题:
Some Covid Survivors Have Antibodies That Attack the Body, not Virus
一些Covid幸存者体内有攻击身体而不是病毒的抗体
4.完整新闻内文:
New research found ‘autoantibodies’ similar to those in lupus and
rheumatoid arthritis patients. But patients may also benefit from treatments
for those autoimmune diseases.
新的研究发现，“自身抗体”与狼疮和类风溼性关节炎患者体内的抗体类似。但患者也可
以从这些自身免疫性疾病的治疗中获益。
Some survivors of Covid-19 carry worrying signs that their immune system has
turned on the body, reminiscent of potentially debilitating diseases like
lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, a new study has found.
一项新的研究发现，一些Covid-19幸存者携带令人担忧的迹象，表明他们的免疫系统已经
启动，这让人想起可能使人衰弱的疾病，如狼疮和类风溼关节炎。
At some point, the body’s defense system in these patients shifted into
attacking itself, rather than the virus, the study suggests. The patients are
producing molecules called “autoantibodies” that target genetic material
from human cells, instead of from the virus.
研究表明，在某种程度上，这些患者体内的防御系统开始攻击自身，而不是病毒。这些患
者正在产生一种叫做“自身抗体”的分子，这种分子的目标是人类细胞的遗传物质，而不
是病毒。
This misguided immune response may exacerbate severe Covid-19. It may also
explain why so-called “long haulers” have lingering problems months after
their initial illness has resolved and the virus is gone from their bodies.
这种错误的免疫反应可能会加剧严重的Covid-19。这也可以解释为什么所谓的“长期后遗
症患者”在最初的疾病已经痊愈，病毒已经从他们的身体消失几个月后，问题仍然存在。
The findings carry important implications for treatment: Using existing tests
that can detect autoantibodies, doctors could identify patients who might
benefit from treatments used for lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. There is no
cure for these diseases, but some treatments decrease the frequency and
severity of flare-ups.
这些发现对治疗有重要的意义:利用现有的检测自身抗体的测试，医生可以确定哪些患者
可能会从狼疮和类风溼性关节炎的治疗中受益。目前还没有治愈这些疾病的方法，但是一
些治疗方法可以降低发作的频率和严重程度。
“It’s possible that you could hit the appropriate patients harder with some
of these more aggressive drugs and expect better outcomes,” said Matthew
Woodruff, an immunologist at Emory University in Atlanta and lead author of
the work.
亚特兰大埃默里大学(Emory University)的免疫学家、该研究的第一作者马修·伍德拉夫
(Matthew Woodruff)说:“你可以用一些更有攻击性的药物，对适当的病人进行更猛烈的
打击，并期待更好的结果。”
The results were reported Friday on the preprint server MedRxiv, and have not
yet been published in a scientific journal. But other experts said the
researchers who carried out the study are known for their careful, meticulous
work, and that the findings are not unexpected because other viral illnesses
also trigger autoantibodies.
周五，预印本服务器MedRxiv报道了该结果，目前还没有在科学杂志上发表。但其他专家
表示，进行这项研究的研究人员以他们细致、细致的工作而闻名，这些发现并不出人意料
，因为其他病毒性疾病也会触发自身抗体。
“I’m not surprised, but it’s interesting to see that it’s really
happening,” said Akiko Iwasaki, an immunologist at Yale University. “It’s
possible that even moderate to mild disease may induce this kind of antibody
response.”
耶鲁大学免疫学家岩崎明子(Akiko Iwasaki)说:“我并不感到惊讶，但看到它真的发生了
也很有趣。”“即使是中度到轻度的疾病也有可能引发这种抗体反应。”
For months it has been clear that the coronavirus can cause the immune system
to run amok in some people, ultimately wreaking more damage to the body than
the virus itself. (Dexamethasone, the steroid President Trump took after his
Covid diagnosis, has proved effective in some people with severe Covid to
tamp down this over-exuberant immune response.)
几个月来，人们已经清楚地认识到，冠状病毒会导致一些人的免疫系统失控，最终对人体
造成的伤害比病毒本身还要大。(川普总统在被诊断为Covid后服用的类固醇地塞米松
(Dexamethasone)被证明对一些严重Covid患者有效，可以抑制过度活跃的免疫反应。)
Viral infections cause infected human cells to die. Sometimes the cells die a
quiet death — but sometimes, and especially in the throes of severe
infection, they can blow up, strewing their innards. When that happens, DNA,
normally cloistered in coiled bundles inside the nucleus, is suddenly
scattered and visible.
病毒感染导致被感染的人体细胞死亡。有时，这些细胞会安静地死亡——但有时，特别是
在严重感染的剧痛中，它们会爆炸，内部四处散落。当这种情况发生时，通常盘绕在细胞
核内的DNA突然分散可见。
In the typical response to a virus, cells known as B immune cells make
antibodies that recognize pieces of viral RNA from the virus and lock onto
them.
在对病毒的典型反应中，被称为B免疫细胞的细胞产生抗体，识别病毒RNA片段并锁定它们
。
But in conditions like lupus, some B cells never learn to do this and instead
produce autoantibodies that glom onto DNA debris from dead human cells,
mistaking them for intruders. Something similar may be happening in patients
with Covid-19, the research suggests.
但在像狼疮这样的情况下，一些B细胞从未学会这样做，而是产生自身抗体，粘附在死去
的人类细胞的DNA碎片上，误以为它们是入侵者。研究表明，在Covid-19患者身上可能也
发生了类似的情况。
“Anytime you have that combination of inflammation and cell death, there is
the potential for autoimmune disease and autoantibodies, more importantly, to
emerge,” said Marion Pepper, an immunologist at the University of Washington
in Seattle.
西雅图华盛顿大学(University of Washington)的免疫学家马里昂，佩珀(Marion
Pepper)说，“任何时候你出现炎症和细胞死亡的结合，都有可能出现自身免疫性疾病和
自身抗体，这是更重要的。”
Dr. Woodruff and his colleagues reported earlier this month that some people
with severe Covid-19 also have such unrefined B immune cells. The finding
prompted them to explore whether those B cells make autoantibodies.
伍德拉夫博士和他的同事本月早些时候报告说，一些严重的Covid-19患者也有这种未经提
炼的B免疫细胞。这一发现促使他们探索这些B细胞是否能产生自身抗体。
In the new study, the researchers looked at 52 patients within the Emory
health care system in Atlanta who were classified as having either severe or
critical Covid-19, but who had no history of autoimmune disorders.
在这项新的研究中，研究人员观察了亚特兰大埃默里卫生保健系统(Emory health care
system)的52名患者，这些患者被归类为Covid-19的重症或危重患者，但他们没有自身免
疫性疾病的病史。
They found autoantibodies that recognize DNA in nearly half of the patients.
They also found antibodies against a protein called rheumatoid factor and
others that help with blood clotting. Among the top half of the most
seriously ill patients, more than 70 percent had autoantibodies against one
of the targets tested, Dr. Woodruff said.
他们在近一半的患者身上发现了能够识别DNA的自身抗体。他们还发现了对抗一种叫做类
风溼性因子的蛋白质的抗体，以及其他有助于血液凝固的抗体。伍德拉夫博士说，在病情
最严重的上半部分患者中，超过70%的人对其中一个测试目标产生了自身抗体。
“It’s not just that these patients have an autoimmune-like immune response,
” he said. “It’s that those immune responses are coupled with actual true
testable clinical auto-reactivities.”
他说:“这些病人不仅仅具有自身免疫性免疫反应。”“这些免疫反应与真正可测试的临
床自身反应相结合。”
Some of the autoantibodies the researchers identified are associated with
blood flow problems, noted Ann Marshak-Rothstein, an immunologist and lupus
expert at the University of Massachusetts, Worcester.
伍斯特马萨诸塞大学的免疫学家和狼疮专家Ann Marshak-Rothstein指出，研究人员发现
的一些自身抗体与血流问题有关。
“It’s very possible that some of the coagulation issues that you see in
Covid-19 patients are being driven by these kinds of immune complexes,” she
said.
她说:“你在Covid-19患者身上看到的一些凝血问题很可能是由这些免疫复合物引起的。
”
If the autoantibodies do turn out to be long-lasting, she said, they may
result in persistent, even lifelong, problems for Covid-19 survivors.
她说，如果这种自身抗体确实能够持久，它们可能会给Covid-19幸存者带来持续的、甚至
是终生的问题。
“You never really cure lupus — they have flares, and they get better and
they have flares again,” she said. “And that may have something to do with
autoantibody memory.”
她说:“你永远无法真正治愈红斑狼疮，它们有耀斑，它们好转后又有耀斑。”“这可能
与自身抗体记忆有关。”
Dr. Marshak-Rothstein, Dr. Iwasaki and dozens of other teams are closely
studying the immune response to the coronavirus. Given the ease of testing
for autoantibodies, it may soon become clear whether the antibodies were
identified only because the researchers went looking for them, or whether
they represent a more permanent alteration of the immune system.
马沙克-罗斯坦博士、岩崎博士和其他几十个团队正在密切研究对冠状病毒的免疫反应。
由于检测自身抗体很容易，可能很快就会弄清楚这些抗体是仅仅因为研究人员寻找才被识
别出来的，还是它们代表了免疫系统更持久的改变。
“It’s not clear to me what it all means at this point,” Dr. Pepper said. “
It’s going to take a little bit of time to understand if this is something
that’s going to lead to downstream pathology.”
“在这一点上，我不清楚这一切意味着什么，”佩珀博士说。“我们需要一点时间来了解
这是否会导致下游的病理。”
5.完整新闻连结 (或短网址):
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/27/health/covid-antibodies-autoimmunity.html
6.备注:
此新闻在发文同时台湾媒体以抗体、攻击的关键字还没有报导。
这消息对许多医学专家来说都并不意外，因为SARS也有类似的状况，而且目前COVID-19
严重。但是经过这医疗团队的长期追踪证实，COVID-19的长期后遗症可能不只来自于病毒
而来自于抗体，重要的是现代医学无法根除自身抗体的影响，而造成类似红斑性狼疮的
结果。