※ 引述《junseimika (masa)》之铭言：
: ※ 发信站: 批踢踢实业坊(ptt.cc), 来自: 163.32.216.65
: ※ 文章网址: https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/Gossiping/M.1541377898.A.8DE.html
: → siemen: https://i.imgur.com/E76ChTb.jpg 223.104.64.17 11/05 08:32
: 推 x740552: 做一个善良的人，比什么都重要 223.137.150.206 11/05 08:32
: 推 lovefisk: 城市建设是百年大计，大家再给dpp80年好 223.141.77.7 11/05 08:32
: → lovefisk: 不好 223.141.77.7 11/05 08:32
: 推 lsjh: 公共建设确实这几年才陆续到位完成~~不容易 163.20.242.75 11/05 08:33
: 推 g8330330: 那应该指定高市长世袭 36.235.19.139 11/05 08:33
: → XXXXLAY: 什么建设不重要选民只要选赢的就是爽， 39.9.164.109 11/05 08:33
: → XXXXLAY: 跟赌博一样 39.9.164.109 11/05 08:33
: 推 car8121: 底特律转型成功？ 42.74.160.0 11/05 08:34
http://bit.ly/2qsRMnC
提到底特律转型成功可以看一下这篇报导
我节录一下重点
1. 底特律的复苏没有想像那么乐观
2. 开发商不断在市中心翻新建设，与郊区差距越来越大
3. 人力资源部分仍亟待开发
4. 交通工具，创业家培养以及提供工作机会在底特律依然严峻，而且需要很长时间
5. 底特律的学生都离开底特律求学
6. 底特律没钱做企业贷款，循环融资，就业扩大，企业家培训
如果，能拿出来的政绩都是building而不是people，那是很危险的
底特律经过65年，他还在挣扎
市中心不断翻新设备与建筑，不代表这座城市就在复苏
以下非全文翻译
Two major conclusions emerged from our data. First, by a number of measures
Detroit continues to decline, and even when positive change has occurred,
growth has been much less robust than many narratives would suggest. Second,
within the city recovery has been highly uneven, resulting in increasing
inequality.
我们的数据得出了两个主要结论。首先，从许多指标来看，底特律仍在继续衰退，即使发
生了积极的变化，增长也远没有许多说法所说的那么强劲。其次，城市内部复苏极不平衡
，导致不平等加剧。
Invest in people, not just buildings
投资于人,而不是建筑
===
Growing inequality and polarization are captured in the metropolitan
landscape. Detroit is two very different cities – one white and privileged,
the other black and deprived. Large-scale purchases, refurbishments and
upgrades in Downtown/Midtown by developer and Quicken Loans Inc. founder Dan
Gilbert contrast sharply with the decay that continues to dominate
post-apocalyptic neighborhood landscapes, inhabited by long-time Detroit
residents who are not sharing in the city’s growing but highly limited
prosperity.
日益加剧的不平等和两极分化在大都市景观中得到了体现。底特律是两个截然不同的城市
——一个是白人特权阶层，另一个是黑人贫困阶层。开发商和Quicken Loans Inc.的创始
人丹‧吉尔伯特(Dan Gilbert)在市中心/中城进行了大规模的购买、翻新和升级，与持续
主导世界末日后街区景观的衰败形成了鲜明对比。
The complex problems of Detroit’s neighborhoods require comprehensive,
multifaceted revitalization strategies. Brookings Institution scholars Alan
Mallach and Bruce Katz have outlined holistic approaches to revitalizing
legacy cities. In addition to maintaining economic growth strategies in
Downtown/Midtown, current neighborhood policies need to be continued and
expanded. Policies to increase human capital throughout the city, including
improving public education and expanding employment and entrepreneur
training, must also be adopted.
底特律社区的复杂问题需要全面、多方面的复兴策略。布鲁金斯学会(Brookings
Institution)学者艾伦‧马拉克(Alan Mallach)和布鲁斯‧卡茨(Bruce Katz)概述了振兴
传统城市的整体方法。除了保持市中心/中城的经济增长战略，目前的社区政策需要继续
和扩大。还必须采取在全市范围内增加人力资本的政策，包括改善公共教育、扩大就业和
企业家培训。
Perhaps the most important short-term strategy is increasing employment
levels among Detroit neighborhood residents. A healthy, sustainable local
economy would require the number of Detroiters with jobs to grow by as many
as 100,000. Even if these jobs paid just $10 an hour, they would add more
than $2 billion annually to the local economy, an amount equal to
approximately half of the total payroll for all private sector jobs in the
neighborhoods in 2014. This new purchasing power would generate additional
demand for retail and commercial services, and strengthen the effective
demand for affordable rental and owner-occupied housing.
也许最重要的短期策略是提高底特律社区居民的就业水平。一个健康、可持续的地方经济
需要底特律就业人口增加10万人。即使这些工作每小时的工资只有10美元，它们每年也会
为当地经济增加20多亿美元，相当于2014年该社区所有私营部门工作的工资总额的一半左
右。这种新的购买力将产生对零售和商业服务的额外需求，并加强对负担得起的租金和业
主自住住房的有效需求。
Multiple initiatives and considerable time will be needed to foster job
growth on this scale. Detroit residents need better transportation to
existing job opportunities in the city and suburbs, and job training for a
variety of careers. Efforts to foster entrepreneurship must be matched with
increased access to capital so that new businesses can thrive.
要促进这种规模的就业增长，需要多种举措和相当长的时间。底特律的居民需要更好的交
通工具，以获得城市和郊区现有的工作机会，并为各种职业提供职业培训。培养企业家精
神的努力必须与增加获得资本的机会相匹配，以使新企业能够蓬勃发展。
In the long run, a sustainable recovery will require significant public
education improvements. For decades, under both local and state control, the
Detroit public schools have been more successful at accumulating deficits
than at educating students.
从长远来看，可持续的复苏需要公共教育的显著改善。几十年来，在地方和州政府的控制
下，底特律的公立学校在积累赤字方面比在教育学生方面更成功。
Students have left the district by the tens of thousands to seek a better
education, either in charter schools—often no better than the schools they
left—or in suburban districts. Detroit just seated its first locally elected
school board in seven years, which could be the first step toward improved
educational opportunities for all Detroit children.
成千上万的学生离开这个地区去寻求更好的教育，无论是在特许学校——通常不比他们离
开的学校好多少——还是在郊区。底特律刚刚坐上了7年来第一个由地方选举产生的教育
委员会，这可能是改善底特律所有儿童教育机会的第一步。
Financing true recovery
财务复苏
===
投资于公立学校、改善公共交通、向社区提供服务、支持提供创业或循环贷款、创业支持
、创业孵化器和职业技能培训的发展项目都需要大量的公共资源。底特律现在没有这些资
源。
One option to address the revenue shortfall would be to reevaluate existing
tax abatements, tax increment financing and neighborhood enterprise zones,
which lower tax rates, often in higher-income areas. All of these programs
tend to divert revenue out of the general fund and into the private sector.
解决收入短缺的一种选择是重新评估现有的减税、增税融资和社区企业区，这些地方通常
在高收入地区税率较低。所有这些项目都倾向于将收入从普通基金转移到私营部门。
Reducing or restricting such expenditures would help Detroit avoid forgoing
revenue that it could be spending on services and programs. Without a
significant commitment to improving education and job skills throughout
Detroit, the gap between the city’s core and its neighborhoods will continue
to widen.
减少或限制这类支出将有助于底特律避免放弃可能用于服务和项目的收入。如果没有对改
善整个底特律的教育和就业技能作出重大承诺，这座城市的核心地区和周边地区之间的差
距将继续扩大。