CNN: 贸易战如何令中国更加强大
https://www.cnn.com/2018/10/04/business/us-trade-war-impact-china-economy/index.html
缩网址： https://goo.gl/gosCpn
How the trade war could make China even stronger
贸易战如何令中国更加强大
Hong Kong (CNN Business)At a machinery firm near Shanghai, China's sprawling
business capital, engineers rely on the United States for parts they need to
make precision measuring equipment for automakers and other industries.
在位于中国商业中心上海附近的一家机械制造公司里，工程师以前依赖美国的零部件
来为汽车和其他行业制造精密测量设备。
But the company, Suzhou Osaitek Photoelectric Technology, is now speeding up
plans to produce the components itself, according to He Zhongya, its chief
engineer.
但是根据该公司首席工程师He Zhongya的说法，这家公司，苏州奥弗斯莱特光电技术
公司，现在开始加速推进自主生产。
The reason? New tariffs in the trade clash between the United States and
China have made the American-made parts too expensive.
为什么？ 因为大陆同美国之间的贸易战让美国造的产品变得太贵了。
The company, which employs about 100 people, would have made the shift to
local production eventually, but "the trade war accelerates the transition,"
He told CNN.
这家雇佣了100人的公司，将会彻底转向到本地生产的产品。只是贸易战加速了这个
过程，他如是告诉CNN。
The world's top two economies have imposed tariffs on hundreds of billions of
dollars of each other's goods. The measures are expected to take a heavier
toll on China's economy, which relies more on exports and has already started
losing steam this year.
全世界前两大经济体陷入贸易战，针对对方千亿的产品征收关税。美国希望这些措施
能让中国经济受更大的伤害，因为中国更依赖出口。
But the conflict is encouraging Chinese companies and government officials to
move ahead with changes that could eventually make the economy more
competitive and more appealing to foreign investors.
但是这场冲突正在鼓励中国政府和企业勇于向前走并做出改变，这会让中国经济更
具有竞争力，对外国投资者来说更具有吸引力。
"The crisis incentivizes China to develop faster," said He.
这场危机正激励著中国更快速地发展，他说到。
The US Commerce Department starkly exposed China's reliance on American
technology this year when it blocked US companies from selling vital
components to Chinese telecommunications hardware maker ZTE, forcing it to
halt almost all of its operations.
In China, ZTE's crisis reinforced the belief that the country needs to become
more self-sufficient.
"You're going to see probably more intensive efforts at domestic innovation,"
said Scott Kennedy, an expert on the Chinese economy at the Center for
Strategic and International Studies.
美国商务部制裁中兴通讯，加固了中国人认为国家需要变得更自立的信仰。你将看到
中国在国内创新方面更加投入。Scott Kennedy如是说。他是战略与国际研究中心的
中国经济问题专家。
But developing advanced tech industries, such as semiconductors, while
cutting dependence on the United States "will be difficult" in the short
term, he cautioned. That's because Chinese companies rely heavily on
American-made chips to build smartphones and mobile networks.
在芯片方面，短期内的发展将会非常困难。中国公司依赖美国公司的芯片来生产智能
手机和移动网络。
Beijing's aggressive campaign to build more sophisticated manufacturing
industries is one of the US government's main grievances in the trade war.
The Trump administration has accused China of using unfair practices, such as
intellectual property theft, to get hold of American tech secrets. The
Chinese government disputes the allegations.
中国打造高端制造业，正是美国政府在贸易战里提出的最主要的不满。川普政府指责
中国剽窃美国智慧产权，但是中国政府完全反对。
The deteriorating relations with the United States may prompt China to step
up cooperation on advanced technology with Japan, South Korea, Israel and
European countries, Kennedy said.
Beijing has been pushing through reforms in areas like intellectual property
protection in recent months as it seeks to encourage the development of more
homegrown technology, according to Kenny Liew, an analyst at research firm
Fitch Solutions.
"The government is doubling down," he said. "The trade war will definitely
accelerate these kinds of reforms."
'China is no longer a cheap place'
China has already come a long way. Over the past 20 years, its giant export
machine has shifted away from goods such as clothes and toys toward
electronics and smartphones.
"China is no longer a cheap place to produce low-end goods," said Xu Bin, a
professor of economics and finance at the China Europe International Business
School in Shanghai.
Chinese companies are "very responsive to changing environments" and tariffs
add "an additional force to push Chinese private companies to upgrade," he
added.
Will it open its markets?
The waves of new tariffs are also raising questions about China's appeal as a
manufacturing hub. Companies say they are considering shifting production to
other countries to avoid the extra costs, putting pressure on the Chinese
government to find ways to offset the damage.
Beijing has long been criticized for restrictive economic policies that shut
foreign companies out of large swathes of its economy and favor local
businesses, particularly big state-owned enterprises. Chinese leaders insist
they are committed to gradually opening the economy at a suitable pace.
The trade war could speed up that process.
Analysts and business leaders have in the past questioned China's commitment
to reforms that make it easier for foreign investors to do business there,
but some think it now faces little choice.
"China must open the market," Jack Ma, the executive chairman of Alibaba
(BABA), said last month.
Beijing has already taken a series of steps recently to help the slowing
economy, including tax cuts. Premier Li Keqiang last month pledged more
pro-business measures.
If that includes allowing greater competition from foreign companies, it
could force Chinese companies to up their game and become more productive.
Such changes "will boost the competitiveness of the economy in the long run"
and help China to "generate better quality of growth," said Aidan Yao, senior
emerging markets economist at asset management firm AXA Investment Managers.
Julia Horowitz, Serenitie Wang and Joseph Kleinhenz contributed to this
report.