https://goo.gl/gqPA53
Portugal’s renewable electricity production exceeded monthly consumption for
what is likely the first time, in March, according to the nation’s
transmission system operator, REN.The average renewable generation for the
month exceeded 103% of consumption, beating out the last record (99.2%), set
in 2014.
葡萄牙的再生能源发电在三月时，根据该国的传动系统REN显示，第一次发的电超过了
该国用量。该月的平均再生能源为消耗量的103%，超越了原本在2014年的旧纪录99.2%。
It almost certainly won’t be the last time. The country is predicting that
renewables will satisfy its mainland electricity needs by 2040, ultimately
eliminating the electricity sector’s greenhouse gas emissions. Although most
of last month’s electricity came from water and wind,
the country relied on some fossil fuel and imported electricity. Water- and
wind-generated power can be rather unpredictable, so even as total renewable
generation exceeded Portugal’s electricity consumption for the month (as
well as some exports), Portugal needed those sources to even out supply.
几乎可以确定的是，这不会是最后一次。这国家预计在2040年时能够以再生能源
完全满足他们的用电需求，完全终结温室气体的排放。尽管上个月的电力几乎都是来
自水力以及风力，他们还是依靠了一些化石燃料以及进口的电力。水跟风力发电的能量
相对地来说比较无法预测，因此就算再生能源在当月的发电量超过消耗量(以及一些电力
的出口)，葡萄牙仍然需要那些化石燃料以及进口电力等，以达到有备无患的效果。
An international debate is gathering steam about whether 100% renewable
energy is possible (or even advisable). Portugal’s feat, the result of
decades of investment in low-carbon technology, shows it is possible, but
plenty of caveats remain. The grid only ran on 100% renewables for relatively
short periods: two 70 hour spans (Portugal managed a four-day streak in
2016). But imports and conventional generation from natural gas were still
needed to balance the grid because solar and wind can vary significantly. The
proposition that a full year’s worth of peaks and valleys can be managed
with renewables alone has yet to be tested. During the same period last year,
renewables supplied only 6% of Portugal’s electricity (thanks in part to a
drought that reduced its hydro capacity).
百分之百的再生能源是否能达到，甚至是有益的？这个国际议题的争论开始高涨。
葡萄牙花数十年研究的低碳科技展现的结果，让大家知道这是有可能的。但还是有很多
值得注意的事情。电力只在短时间内完全用再生能源，多短？70小时，两次。
(葡萄牙曾在2016年，用四天的时间完全使用再生能源)。而引进以及产出化石燃料的方
式仍然是被需要的，因为太阳能跟风力发电的成效差距很大。希望能够在全年的尖峰
时段以及低用量阶段，完全只靠再生能源的主张，可能还要等等。
而去年同一时段，葡萄牙只采用了6%的再生能源。(很大的原因是去年缺水，
使得没得水力发电)
But a 100% goal is not fantasy, especially in Europe. Germany has committed
to an electricity supply that is at least 80% renewable, possibly as high as
100%, by mid-century. Denmark already produces around 100% of its own needs
at times from renewable sources, as does Norway and Iceland, thanks to
hydropower and geothermal heat. Sweden’s new Climate Act commits the country
to reaching net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2045. But they still have a
long way to go.
但100%并不是个梦想，特别是在欧洲。德国表示他们的电力在2050年时，至少要80%的
电力是再生能源，当然能够高到100%是更好。而丹麦已经100%依赖再生能源过了；挪威
跟冰岛也是，这要归功于他们的水电以及地热发电。瑞典的新气候行动承诺该国要在2045
年时完全0碳排放，但他们还有很长的路要走。
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备注：
1.我翻的
2.这网页有放一张世界各地的再生能源产量，可以看看
https://i.imgur.com/v0I5v9P.jpg