这去看联合国宪章就很清楚了
英文版
http://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/chapter5.shtml
中文版
http://www.un.org/zh/documents/charter/chapter5.shtml
The Security Council shall consist of fifteen Members of the United Nations.
The Republic of China, France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States
of America shall be permanent members of the Security Council.
安全理事会以联合国十五会员国组织之。中华民国、法兰西、苏维埃社会主义共和国联
盟、大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国及美利坚合众国应为安全理事会常任理事国。