一篇最近发表的文章
Nico Voigtlander and Hans-Joachim Voth
"Nazi indoctrination and anti-Semitic beliefs in Germany."
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
112, no. 26 (2015): 7931-7936.
http://www.pnas.org/content/112/26/7931.abstract
翻译一下摘要：
企图改变舆论、态度和信仰的手段包括了广告、教育甚至是“洗脑”。
这些手段的效果是极具争议性的。在本文中，我们透过1996年到2006年间
具有代表性的德国人调查数据，呈现纳粹的政治教化：以单一视角孕育的
种族仇恨，是非常有效的。1933至1945年间，反闪族（犹太、阿拉伯等）
主义的意识形态在学校、在课外（希特勒青年团），并通过广播、印刷品
和电影灌输给德国的年轻人。其结果是这些在纳粹政权下成长的德国人比
之前或之后出生的族群，死忠反闪族（用极端的方式回答了一系列看待犹
太人态度的问题）的比例比整体人口高2-3倍。世代间的差异并不只是极
端分子的比例，整体而言，那些20年代和30年代出生的世代对于犹太人
的态度更为负面。纳粹的政治教化在当有已经存在的偏见时最有效，那些
出生在1914年之前支持反犹主义政党的地区的人们，反犹太人的态度有最
大程度的增加。这些结果表明，这些信仰可以通过政策干预来改变。我们
也指出一些因子，例如已经存在的偏见，会使这样的手段更有效。
（作者N. V的a应该是[ä]，抱歉打不上来）
（google translate+修改，欢迎修改，初次尝试请不要鞭太大力）
（附上原文）
Attempts at modifying public opinions, attitudes, and beliefs
range from advertising and schooling to “brainwashing.” Their
effectiveness is highly controversial. In this paper, we use
survey data on anti-Semitic beliefs and attitudes in a
representative sample of Germans surveyed in 1996 and 2006 to
show that Nazi indoctrination - with its singular focus on
fostering racial hatred - was highly effective. Between 1933
and 1945, young Germans were exposed to anti-Semitic ideology
in schools, in the (extracurricular) Hitler Youth, and through
radio, print, and film. As a result, Germans who grew up under
the Nazi regime are much more anti-Semitic than those born
before or after that period: the share of committed anti-
Semites, who answer a host of questions about attitudes toward
Jews in an extreme fashion, is 2–3 times higher than in the
population as a whole. Results also hold for average beliefs,
and not just the share of extremists; average views of Jews
are much more negative among those born in the 1920s and 1930s.
Nazi indoctrination was most effective where it could tap into
preexisting prejudices; those born in districts that supported
anti-Semitic parties before 1914 show the greatest increases
in anti-Jewish attitudes. These findings demonstrate the
extent to which beliefs can be modified through policy
intervention. We also identify parameters amplifying the
effectiveness of such measures, such as preexisting prejudices.
怎么理解过去可能不是重点
想像未来多几倍的脑残有点恶心
黑箱装死操弄跳针才是真的可怕