Nature在4月6在线发布了由中国湖南大学鲁兵安等人研究的铝离子充电电池的成果。
简单说来就是拥有低成本、高放电寿命（铝电池7500次 vs 锂电池500次左右）和快速充电
性能（铝电池1分钟充满 vs 锂电池2~3小时）。
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature14340.html
An ultrafast rechargeable aluminium-ion battery
一种超快速可充电的铝离子电池
The development of new rechargeable battery systems could fuel various energ
y applications, from personal electronics to grid storage1, 2. Rechargeable
aluminium-based batteries offer the possibilities of low cost and low flamma
bility, together with three-electron-redox properties leading to high capaci
ty3. However, research efforts over the past 30 years have encountered numer
ous problems, such as cathode material disintegration4, low cell discharge v
oltage (about 0.55 volts; ref. 5), capacitive behaviour without discharge vo
ltage plateaus (1.1–0.2 volts6 or 1.8–0.8 volts7) and insufficient cycle l
ife (less than 100 cycles) with rapid capacity decay (by 26–85 per cent ove
r 100 cycles)4, 5, 6, 7. Here we present a rechargeable aluminium battery wi
th high-rate capability that uses an aluminium metal anode and a three-dimen
sional graphitic-foam cathode. The battery operates through the electrochemi
cal deposition and dissolution of aluminium at the anode, and intercalation/
de-intercalation of chloroaluminate anions in the graphite, using a non-flam
mable ionic liquid electrolyte. The cell exhibits well-defined discharge vol
tage plateaus near 2 volts, a specific capacity of about 70 mA h g–1 and a
Coulombic efficiency of approximately 98 per cent. The cathode was found to
enable fast anion diffusion and intercalation, affording charging times of a
round one minute with a current density of ~4,000 mA g–1 (equivalent to ~3,
000 W kg–1), and to withstand more than 7,500 cycles without capacity decay
.
新的充电电池系统能够在从个人电源到网格存储等多方面得到应用。可充电的铝例子电
池在更低的价格和更高的安全性的基础上，还提供了更大的容量。研究人员在过去三十
年间（在铝离子电池上）遇到过很多问题，比如负极材料腐蚀、低放电电压（大约0.55
伏）、不能有效进行放电（1.1-0.2伏，或1.8-0.8伏）、低放电寿命（少于100次充放电
循环）、容量快速衰减（衰减26%-85%每100次充放电循环）。现在我们介绍一种高容量
的使用铝金属正极和三维石墨负极的铝离子充电电池。这种电池用铝作为正极材料，用
一种不易燃的离子液体做电解液，使用石墨作为负极材料。这种电池展现了优秀的将近
2伏的放电电压、高容量和接近98%的库伦效应。电池可以在一分钟左右充满，并且在容
量不衰减的情况下可以拥有7500次的循环寿命。