※ 引述《vistas (VISTAS)》之铭言:
: http://www.cna.com.tw/news/ait/201501290049-1.aspx
: 诺贝尔物理奖得主 雷射之父辞世
: 发稿时间:2015/01/29 09:27 最新更新:2015/01/29 10:08
: (中央社加州柏克莱28日综合外电报导)诺贝尔物理学奖得主、雷射共同发明者
: 陶恩斯(Charles Hard Townes)辞世,享寿99岁。
: 加州大学柏克莱分校新闻中心网页报导,陶恩斯身体状况很差,昨天在前往奥克兰
: 就医途中辞世。陶恩斯是加州大学柏克莱分校的荣誉教授。
: 美联社报导,陶恩斯担任哥伦比亚大学教职时,与伙伴致力物理学研究,最终发明
: 雷射,与另外2名科学家共享1964年诺贝尔物理学奖。
: 他应用战时雷达的微波技术研究,钻研光谱学,也就是利用物质发射、吸收或散射
: 的光、声或粒子来研究物质的方法。
: 学术生涯晚期,陶恩斯发表一连串关于科学与宗教相似性的演讲,导致毁誉参半。
: 1040129
: 感恩师傅 雷射师傅 R.I.P.
跟乡民分享一下
雷射的原理是1917年爱因斯坦先想出来的,他从另外一个角度推导黑体辐射
而发现这原理,不过当时被认为是无法做出来,后来一直到了1960年代才被美国和前苏联
的物学家发现
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maser
Independently, Charles H. Townes, James P. Gordon, and H. J. Zeiger built the
first ammonia maser at Columbia University in 1953. This device used
stimulated emission in a stream of energized ammonia molecules to produce
amplification of microwaves at a frequency of about 24.0 gigahertz.[citation
needed] Townes later worked with Arthur L. Schawlow to describe the principle
of the optical maser, or laser,[citation needed] of which Theodore H. Maiman
created the first working model in 1960.
在历史上第一个几乎做出雷射的人应该是Harold Maiman,他其实是一个美国飞机
休斯公司的工程师,他应该是一个非常厉害的实验物理学家,喜欢动手做很多产品
1958年Charles Hard Townes与Arthur Schawlow制造出了世界上第一台微波激射器,受
到他们理论的启发,兰姆决定设计能发射可见光的雷射器。但他的主管反对这项研究,于
是梅曼从政府那里获得了5万美元的研究预算。他的聚光器使用人造的红宝石作为工作媒
质,在其助手查尔斯(Charles Asawa)的建议下用闪光灯取代了电影放映机的灯泡。
1960年5月16日,梅曼利用这台设备产生出了脉冲相干光,1960年7月7日他又在曼哈顿
的一个新闻发布会上当众运行了这一设备。
当时他的研究被当时公司不屑一顾,后来他还是坚持下去做出人类第一支雷射
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Harold_Maiman
这个在诺贝尔奖当时提名争执很久,因为Charles Hard Townes和Arthur Schawlow
都得奖,Harold Maiman没道理没得1981年那个物理奖
还好最后补一个Wolf奖给Harold Maiman
刚发现Maiman也拿了凝态物理最高荣誉Buckley奖
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_E._Buckley_Condensed_Matter_Prize
Charles H. Townes对Maiman的工作评价 20世纪Nature最重要的论文
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Harold_Maiman
Recognition for Maiman and his laser invention continued posthumously. In a
2007 obituary testimonial, maser co-inventor Charles H. Townes described
Maiman's 1960 Nature article on his laser as "probably more important per
word than any of the papers published by Nature over the past century."[39]
The annual Theodore Maiman Student Paper Competition was established in 2008,
endowed by major laser groups, and is administered by the OSA Foundation.[40]
In 2010 numerous events were staged world-wide by major scientific and
industry photonics organizations to celebrate the 50th anniversary of
Maiman's first laser and subsequent lasers under the umbrella of
LaserFest.[41] Related to these events, the U.S. Congress passed a resolution
celebrating the invention of the laser and citing Maiman.[42] Also in 2010
Maiman's laser achievement was recognized as an IEEE Milestone,[38] and the
American Physical Society presented Hughes Research Laboratories with a
plaque to commemorate the historic site of the world's first laser.[43] In
2011 Maiman was recognized by Stanford University as a "Stanford Engineering
Hero," citing his "rare blend of advanced training in physics and engineering
combined with significant laboratory experience.
八卦是
Arthur Schawlow 娶 Charles Hard Townes的妹妹啦