※ 引述《jack125125 (刀无极)》之铭言：
: http://n.yam.com/cna/society/20141029/20141029648405.html
: 台背包客控澳洲85度C 低薪压榨
: （中央社记者张茗喧台北29日电）在澳洲打工度假的Allen今天指控，在澳洲85度C工作3
: 个月，遭无预警解雇，工资也远低于最低时薪澳币21.08元，认为85度C公司压榨台湾背包
: 客。
: 青年劳动九五联盟上午举办“澳洲打工度假逐梦变幻梦”记者会，要求台湾85度C公司公
: 开道歉，并返还积欠工资、承诺改善澳洲当地受雇员工劳动条件；呼吁在澳洲打工度假民
: 众站出来争取合法薪资，并勇于向澳洲平等工作监察署申诉。
: 联盟说，近期接获一名台湾赴澳洲打工度假背包客Allen投诉指出，他在澳洲的85度C公司
: 打工期间的时薪仅有澳币12元，扣税后时薪缩水至8元，连吃饭钱都不够。
: 联盟随后直接连线人在澳洲的Allen，他说7月间到澳洲的85度C打工度假，工作3个月后，
: 因请假一周而无预警遭澳洲85度C解雇。
: 他已用打卡纪录向澳洲当地政府申诉，估计85度C公司积欠新台币26万元薪资，目前当地
: 政府正在调查中。
: Allen说，澳洲的工作环境并不理想，大多是做澳洲人不想做的工作，不仅薪资远低于当
: 地基本工资，还要被课很高的所得税；他工作的公司85度C，因为用不起当地人和外国背
: 包客，全数雇用台湾和中国大陆打工度假的华人，形同压榨台湾人。1031029
拿一个最近纽约时报的新闻,也是讲关于速食业薪水的问题.
全文重点大概就是,
最低薪资法律规定对改善低薪问题帮助不大.
重点在于劳方要够强势,(但台湾劳方普遍弱势)
由劳资双方来依据市场调适.
但是劳方也要清楚,要得到高薪,
也就要对其他的服务付出高价(但台湾普遍惯老板心态).
其他则就要透过社会教育人民互助价值观.
http://finance.yahoo.com/news/fast-food-denmark-serves-something-155407514.html
Serving up fries, for a living wage
The New York Times
By LIZ ALDERMAN and STEVEN GREENHOUSE
October 28, 2014 10:54 AM
COPENHAGEN — On a recent afternoon, Hampus Elofsson ended his 40-hour
workweek at a Burger King and prepared for a movie and beer with friends. He
had paid his rent and all his bills, stashed away some savings, yet still had
money for nights out.
That is because he earns the equivalent of $20 an hour — the base wage for
fast-food workers throughout Denmark and two and a half times what many
fast-food workers earn in the United States.
“You can make a decent living here working in fast food,” said Mr.
Elofsson, 24. “You don’t have to struggle to get by.”
大意就是
在哥本哈根一个年纪24岁,
每周工作40小时,在汉堡王工作的年轻人Hampus Elofsson,
他收入相当于一小时20美金(大概比澳大利亚的最低时薪多一些些),
这样薪水是美国的2.5倍左右(所以美国大概是时薪8~9美元),
这样的生活让他除了工作之外,还有休闲跟社交生活,
换句话说就是过得还蛮爽的.
(P.S. 在台湾卖149台币的汉堡王套餐, 哥本哈根那边卖大概330台币,
然后在挪威卖大概385台币, 在美国大概是200台币).
With an eye to workers like Mr. Elofsson, some American labor activists and
liberal scholars are posing a provocative question: If Danish chains can pay
$20 an hour, why can’t those in the United States pay the $15 an hour that
many fast-food workers have been clamoring for?
“We see from Denmark that it’s possible to run a profitable fast-food
business while paying workers these kinds of wages,” said John Schmitt, an
economist at the Center for Economic Policy Research, a liberal think tank in
Washington.
美国劳工运动跟自由派学者说,
同样工作丹麦可以时薪20美元,
为啥么美国连时薪15美元都不行?
Many American economists and business groups say the comparison is deeply
flawed because of fundamental differences between Denmark and the United
States, including Denmark’s high living costs and taxes, a generous social
safety net that includes universal health care and a collective bargaining
system in which employer associations and unions work together. The fast-food
restaurants here are also less profitable than their American counterparts.
许多美国经济学者跟工商团体说这样的比较是很有问题的.
因为丹麦生活成本高,税高,社会福利也超好,
加上工会的议价能力也强,
所以那边同样的速食店获利就比美国低.
“Trying to compare the business and labor practices in Denmark and the U.S.
is like comparing apples to autos,” said Steve Caldeira, president of the
International Franchise Association, a group based in Washington that
promotes franchising and has many fast-food companies as members.
“Denmark is a small country” with a far higher cost of living, Mr. Caldeira
said.“Unions dominate, and the employment system revolves around that fact.”
国际连锁业联盟总裁Steve Calderia说,
拿丹麦跟美国来比较劳资关系,就像是是香蕉比芭乐.
丹麦是生活成本超高的小国,而且那边工会也主导劳雇系统.
But as Denmark illustrates, companies have managed to adapt in countries that
demand a living wage, and economists like Mr. Schmitt see it as a possible
model.
Denmark has no minimum-wage law. But Mr. Elofsson’s $20 an hour is the
lowest the fast-food industry can pay under an agreement between Denmark’s
3F union, the nation’s largest, and the Danish employers group Horesta,
which includes Burger King, McDonald’s, Starbucks and other restaurant and
hotel companies.
经济学者Schmitt认为,但就丹麦看来,
企业在如此高生活薪资环境也并非不能生存,
所以这是一个可行的模式.
丹麦并没有法律规定最低薪资. 但是Elofsson说,
时薪20美元是丹麦最大的"3F"工会跟丹麦的雇主联盟,
双方所协议出速食业的最低给付薪资.
(所以拿时薪20美元的在丹麦其实还是鲁蛇).
By contrast, fast-food wages in the United States are so low that half of the
nation’s fast-food workers rely on some form of public assistance, a study
from the University of California, Berkeley found. American fast-food workers
earn an average of $8.90 an hour.
反观,
在美国速食业薪水是这么的低,
有一半的从业人员得依靠某些社会救济才得以过活.
UCB的研究指出美国速食业平均薪资是每小时8.9美元
(所以拿到每小时美6~7元应该也不夸张).
As a shift manager at a Burger King near Tampa, Fla., Anthony Moore earns $9
an hour, typically working 35 hours a week and taking home around $300 weekly.
在佛罗里达汉堡王连锁店的值班经理Anthony Moore,
每小时收入9美元,每周工作35小时,然后实拿大概300美元.
(P.S.月薪大概是38000~39000台币).
“It’s very inadequate,” said Mr. Moore, 26, who supervises 10 workers. His
rent is $600 a month, and he often falls behind on his lighting and water
bills. A single father, he receives $164 a month in food stamps for his
daughters, 5 and 2.
这个管理10名员工的Moore说,这笔钱真的很少,
他房租租金一个月要600美元,
然后他的水电瓦斯费常常不能准时付清.
身为单亲父亲还要养两个2岁跟5岁的女儿,
所以他每个月领取164美元的粮票.
(P.S. 房租占掉他月实收将近50%).
“Sometimes I ask, ‘Do I buy food or do I buy them clothes?’ ” Mr. Moore
said. “If I made $20 an hour, I could actually live, instead of dreaming
about living.”
Mr. Moore’s daughters receive health care through Medicaid, while he is
uninsured because he cannot afford Burger King’s coverage, he said.
“I skip the doctor,” he said, adding that he sometimes goes to work sick
because “I can’t miss the money.”
他说,有时候我会想,我要帮女儿们买吃的还是衣服?
如果我一小时可以赚20美元,
我就真的可以过生活,而不是梦想怎么过生活.
她的女儿经由Medicaid得到医疗照顾,
但是他自己并没有任何医疗保险,
因为他付不起汉堡王系统下的保险费.
他说,我生病看不起医生,而且有时候得抱病上班,
因为我不能少掉任何一点收入.
Burger King declined to discuss wages or benefits, saying those decisions
were made by its franchise operators. The company said that its “restaurants
have provided an entry point into the work force for millions of Americans,”
and that the Burger King McLamore Foundation gave some employees emergency
financial assistance and college scholarships.
汉堡王拒绝对讨论薪资与福利.说这些是由公司加盟业者做的决定.
他们提供给美国数千万劳动力一些工作机会,
他们的McLamore基金还提供员工紧急经济援助以及大学奖学金.
Mr. Schmitt, the economist, acknowledged that it would take some time for the
American fast-food industry to adjust to higher wages.
“We would need to phase this in,” said Mr. Schmitt, who is co-editor of the
book “Low-Wage Work in the Wealthy World.” “We’ve created a low-road
economy, and it’s going to take us some time to build up the speed to get
onto the high road.”
经济学者Schmitt承认,
美国速食业需要一些时间还调适到更高的薪资水准.
身为"富国中的鲁蛇工作"的共同主编,
他说我们已经创造出低价值的经济体系,
这将要一些时间才能加速进入到高价值的路线.
In Denmark, fast-food workers are guaranteed benefits their American
counterparts could only dream of. Under the industry’s collective agreement,
there are five weeks’ paid vacation, paid maternity and paternity leave and
a pension plan. Workers must be paid overtime for working after 6 p.m. and on
Sundays.
Unlike most American fast-food workers, the Danes often get their work
schedules four weeks in advance, and employees cannot be sent home early
without pay just because business slows.
在丹麦，速食从业者的福利保障对他们美国同行来说只是梦想.
根据产业的集体协议，有五周的给薪假期，
给薪产假,陪产假和养老金计划.
下午六点以后以及星期日都要另外支付加班费.
不像多数的美国同行,
丹麦人经常在四周前就先确定工作时间,
然后雇主不能以业务不佳为理由要求员工放无薪假.
(也就是时间表确定了,薪水就得付)
Given the benefits available, Mr. Elofsson, the Burger King employee in
Copenhagen, said he hoped to make his career with the company and work his
way up to restaurant manager. While the Danish industry does not keep data on
worker retention, HMSHost Denmark, which runs the fast-food operations at
Copenhagen Airport, estimates that 70 percent of the workers at its Burger
King and Starbucks franchises stay for more than a year.
哥本哈根的汉堡王员工Elofsson,
基于现有的福利,考虑职业生涯继续在这里做到店经理.
丹麦的速食产业并没有员工的工作年资数据,
不过丹麦HMSHost这间从事哥本哈根机场特许速食业务的公司估计,
约有70%的员工在其汉堡王以及星巴克连锁店待超过一年.
By contrast, an internal study done several years ago by McDonald’s found
that workers’ average tenure at the company in the United States was nearly
eight months, although the National Restaurant Association said American
fast-food workers averaged 20 months on the job.
反观,
麦当劳前几年的内部研究发现.
他们员工平均待差不多8个月,
但是美国全国餐厅协会说,
美国速食业工作者工作平均约20个月.
Danish law does not require fast-food companies or their franchisees to
adhere to the wages required by the agreement with the 3F union. But they do,
because employees and unions pledge in exchange not to engage in strikes,
demonstrations or boycotts. “What employers get is peace,” said Peter Lykke
Nielsen, the 3F union’s chief negotiator with McDonald’s.
丹麦的法律不强制业主必须给付工会协议的薪资水准.
但是他们别无选择,
不然就会面临工会及员工的罢工,示威游行以及抵制.
所以3F工会对麦当劳的首席谈判代表Peter Lykke说,
"业主得到的就是和平共处".
McDonald’s learned this the hard way. When it came to Denmark in the 1980s,
it refused to join the employers association or adopt any collectively
bargained agreements. Only after nearly a year of raucous, union-led protests
did McDonald’s relent.
麦当劳在此学到痛苦的教训.
当它在1980年代进入丹麦时,
原本拒绝加入雇主协会或采取任何集体议价协议.
不过经过将近一年的喧闹纷扰之后,
麦当劳对工会领导的抗议活动松口了.
In interviews, Danish employees of McDonald’s, Burger King and Starbucks
said that even though Denmark had one of the world’s highest costs of living
— about 30 percent higher than in the United States — their $20 wage made
life affordable.
在访谈中,丹麦的速食从业员工认为,
即使丹麦的生活成本是世界最高之一(大概比美国高30%),
他们的20美元的时薪让生活无虞.
True, a Big Mac here costs more — $5.60, compared with $4.80 in the United
States. But that is a price Danes are willing to pay. “We Danes accept that
a burger is expensive, but we also know that working conditions and wages are
decent when we eat that burger,” said Soren Kaj Andersen, a University of
Copenhagen professor who specializes in labor issues.
事实上, 跟美国大麦克卖4.8美元相比,丹麦这边卖5.6美元.
但是丹麦人愿意付这个价格.
在哥本哈根大学担任教职,
专长在于劳工议题Soren Kaj Andersen说,
"我们丹麦人接受汉堡是昂贵的,
但当我们吃汉堡时,我们也知道这个工作条件跟薪资是得体的."
Measured in Big Macs, McDonald’s workers in Denmark earn the equivalent of
3.4 Big Macs an hour, while their American counterparts earn 1.8, according
to a study by Orley C. Ashenfelter, a Princeton economics professor, and
Stepan Jurajda, an economics professor at Charles University in Prague.
用大麦克指数来算, 丹麦麦当劳员工一小时赚3.4个大麦克,
美国则是1.8个大麦克.布拉格Charles大学教授如是说.
(台湾麦当劳时薪115~141,用120算起来大概是1.6个大麦克)
And the Danish restaurants are less profitable. With fast-food wages in the
United States so much lower than in Denmark, and the price of Big Macs in the
two countries similar, Mr. Ashenfelter said, “It must be that U.S. McDonald’
s are far more profitable.” The higher wages and the higher menu prices help
explain why there are 16 McDonald’s per million inhabitants in Denmark, but
45 McDonald’s per million in the United States, Mr. Jurajda said.
跟美国速食业的如此低水准的薪资,
加上大麦克的价格差异不大的情形比较下,
丹麦的餐厅明显的获利不足.
而美国麦当劳获利一定高很多.
更高的薪资以及更高的点餐价格,
可以解释为啥么丹麦每百万人口有16间麦当劳餐厅,
但是美国则有45间麦当劳餐厅.
McDonald’s declined requests for detailed financial data for its
restaurants. But it said in a statement that the countries where it operates
“have significantly different cost structures, economic environments and
competitive frameworks.” The company added that it and its franchise
operators “support paying valued employees fair wages aligned with a
competitive marketplace.”
麦当劳拒绝提供旗下餐厅的详细财务资料.
但是它说合理薪资是根据成本结构,
因地制宜来面对激烈竞争市场而调整的.
America’s restaurant industry predicts a wave of woe if pay were to jump
toward Denmark’s levels. An increase to $15 would “limit employment
opportunities” by making fast-food restaurants reluctant to hire, said Scott
DeFife, an executive vice president at the National Restaurant Association. “
More than doubling the starting wage will dramatically increase costs in an
industry that exists on very narrow margins.”
美国餐饮业者则预测,
如果薪资要调整至丹麦的水准,
将导致哀鸿遍野.
美国全国餐厅协会执行副总DeFife说,
每小时15美元的水准,
超过目前一倍的起薪,
会对现有获利空间狭小的餐饮业增加许多成本.
最后速食餐厅会不愿意聘请员工,
结果是就业机会限缩.
Denmark’s high wages make it hard, though not impossible, to maintain
profitability at his restaurants, said Martin Drescher, the general manager
of HMSHost Denmark, the airport restaurants operator.
“We have to acknowledge it’s more expensive to operate,” said Mr.
Drescher. “But we can still make money out of it — and McDonald’s does,
too. Otherwise, it wouldn’t be in Denmark.”
但是HMSHost的总经理Martin Drescher说,
丹麦的高薪资让他的餐厅维持获利,
成为困难但不是不可能的事.
Drescher说, 我们必须承认这里营运成本更高,
但即使如此我们还是有获利,
我相信麦当劳也是,
不然它在丹麦维持不下去.
He noted proudly that a full-time Burger King employee made enough to live
on. “The company doesn’t get as much profit, but the profit is shared a
little differently,” he said.
“We don’t want there to be a big difference between the richest and
poorest, because poor people would just get really poor,” Mr. Drescher
added. “We don’t want people living on the streets. If that happens, we
consider that we as a society have failed.”
对于全职汉堡王员工收入足以过生活,
他骄傲的表示,
"公司得到的利润虽然比较低,
但是获利透过有点不一样的方式分享出去."
Drescher说,
我们不希望看到最富有跟最穷困的人之间有巨大的鸿沟.
因为穷人真的会很可怜,
我们不愿意人民在街头流离失所,
如果有这种情形,
代表我们社会已经失败了.
Liz Alderman reported from Copenhagen and Steven Greenhouse from New York.
Anna-Katarina Gravgaard contributed reporting from Copenhagen.