戴尔美语练功坊 全民英检假设语气(12/20)
未来可能与假设语气的翻译
条件子句的表达可分为两种, 一为未来可能; 二为与事实相反的假设,
不论中文将If译为如果,假如. 假设, 或要是, 都应由文意判断是未来可能
发生的句子, 或是与现在/过去事实相反的假设.
当条件句为未来可能发生的事, 若发生机率高, 则用以下句型表达:
If + S + V现在式 +..., S + will/ can + V原型
例: 要是明天放睛，我们将在公园野餐。
If it clears up/ is fine tomorrow, we will go on a picnic at the park.
当条件句为未来可能发生的事, 若发生机率低, 则用以下句型表达:
If + S + should (万一)+ V原型 +..., S + will/ can /would / could + V原型
例: 万一你有经过超市，请买一打鸡蛋(后句为祈使句)。
If you should pass by / drop by / stop by the supermarket, please buy a dozen eggs.
本句可进一步化简成省略if的句型:
Should (万一)+ S +V原型 +..., S + will/ can /would / could + V原型
Should you pass by / drop by / stop by the supermarket, please buy a dozen eggs.
第二类与事实相反的假设可进一步分为与现在事实相反或与过去事实
相反的假设.与现在事实相反的句型为
If + S + Ved / were + .... , S + should / would / could / might + V原型
If + it were not for + N , S + should / would / could / might + V原型
例: 如果我有翅膀，我就马上飞向妳。
If I had wings, I would fly to you now.
例: 假如我妈妈还活着， 现在该是九十岁了。
If my mom were still alive, she would be ninety now.
例: 要不是他生病，他明天就可以跟我们一起去日本旅行。
If he were not ill, he would be able to travel to Japan with us tomorrow.
与过去事实相反的句型为
If + S + had Vp.p. + .... , S + should / would / could / might + have + Vp.p.
If + it had not been for + N , S + should / would / could / might + have + Vp.p.
例: 要是我今早没睡过头， 我上学就不会迟到。
If I had not overslept this morning, I would not have been late for school.
例: 要不是你一直烦我，我早已完成我的家庭作业。
If you had not kept annoying me, I would have finished my homework.
假设语气中有一种句型是条件句及主要句各与现在及过去事实相反，
算是一种混合题型.
例:
要是钱能买得到一切(与现在事实相反)，我早就得到真爱(与过去事实相反)。
If money could buy everything, I would have gotten true love.
例:
要是去年我够有钱的话(与过去事实相反)，我早就买下
那栋房子(与过去事实相反)，而我现在将是很有钱的人(与现在事实相反)。
If I had had enough money last year, I would have bought that house,
and I would be a rich man now.
另外, 有些句子的中文虽没有如果或假如等字眼, 但文意若是假设语气,
仍必须用假设语气表达.
例: 即使山姆当时一文不名， 她也会嫁给他。
本句条件句为与过去事实相反的句子，意指当时情况若有不同, 结局仍是一样.
Even if Sam had been penniless, she would still marry him.