cfront 是干麻的? c++ 程式员应该不陌生, 他是把 c++ 程式转成 c, 再用 c 编译器编
译出最后执行档的转译程式。知道的 c++ 开发者应该很多, 但看过、甚至执行过
cfront 的人应该就很少了。
我一直都在找 cfront 的 source code, 希望可以编译/执行起来看看, 这样可以很清楚
的知道, virtual function, 继承的 class, template 到底是怎么转成 c code 的,
cfront 不支援 exception, 因为这功能复杂到超过 cfront 的能力了。
Cfront ( https://goo.gl/QBG1wn )
Cfront 4.0 was abandoned in 1993 after a failed attempt to add exception
support.[1] The C++ language had grown beyond its capabilities
Comeau C/C++ ( https://goo.gl/Ke3VUk ) 也可以做到类似的事情, 不过要钱, 没免费
版可以试用。
这个https://goo.gl/q88bBk ( https://github.com/seyko2/cfront-3 ) 就是 cfront
source code 了, 我想在 linux 下编译, 之前尝试过一次, 失败了, 这次有新版再来挑
战一次, 向 bjarne stroustrup 博士致敬, 感谢他发明出 c++ 这么复杂的语言, 整死开
发 c++ 编译器的开发人员, 当然还有学习 c++ 的程式员。
我修改过的版本在https://goo.gl/1AN3pp ( https://github.com/descent/cfront-3
), 切到 can_build_in_linux branch 即可, 你得先会用 git 才行, 好吧! git
checkout can_build_in_linux 就可以了。
Makefile
1 #Makefile for the CC translator
2 # BSD 4.2 or later should first run bsd.sed in the scratch directory
3 # and set CCFLAGS=-DBSD
4 # also set BSD=1
5
6 CCFLAGS=-Os
7 scratchCC ?= gcc
8
9 BSD=
10 PATH:=$(CURDIR):$(PATH)
11
12 #For first make (bootstrap):
13 # make scratch #on system V, BSD 4.1 or earlier
14 #Otherwise:
15 # make
16 #
17
18 CC = CC
19
20 all: libC.a munch cfront
21 :
22
23 libC.a: always
24 cd lib/mk; $(MAKE) CC=$(CC) CCFLAGS="$(CCFLAGS)" BSD=$(BSD)
25 mv lib/mk/libC.a .
26
27 munch: _munch/munch.c
28 cc -o munch _munch/munch.c
29
30 cfront: always
31 cd src; $(MAKE) CXX=$(CC) CCFLAGS="$(CCFLAGS)"
32 mv src/cfront cfront
33
34 scratch: always
35 cd scratch; $(MAKE) CC=$(scratchCC) BSD=$(BSD) CCFLAGS="$(CCFLAGS)"
36
37 #This target will populate the scratch directories with good-old-c
38 #files. This is used to port to another machine.
39
40 fillscratch:
41 make -C src szal.result y.tab.C yystype.h
42 cp src/_stdio.c scratch/src/
43 cd scratch/src; $(CC) -I../../src -I../../incl -Fc -..c
../../src/*.C;
44 cd scratch/lib; $(CC) -I../../lib/complex -I../../incl -Fc -..c
../../lib/new/*.C
45 cd scratch/lib; $(CC) -I../../lib/complex -I../../incl -Fc -..c
../../lib/static/*.C
46 cp _munch/*.c scratch/mnch/
47
48 always:
Makefile L20
all: libC.a munch cfront
总共有 3 个部份要编译, libC.a, munch, cfront 我分 3 次手动编译:
libC.a
cd lib/mk
make CC=gcc CCFLAGS="-Os -I../../incl-master/incl-linux32/"
也可以用 cfront 编译, 不过先要编出 cfront 才行, CC3 就会使用 cfront 来编译。后
面会提到怎么使用 cfront 编译出一个可以执行的档案, 这边的 libC.a 就需要用
cfront 来编译, 否则会有奇怪的 link 错误。
编出 cfront 之后 (需要复制到 cfront-3 目录下), 在 cfront-3 目录下打 make
libC.a 即可。
munch 使用 cfront 编译时, 需要用到的一个工具程式。
gcc -o munch _munch/munch.c
这么简单, 不需要说明, 这是 .c 不用出动 cfront。
cfront
编译 cfront 会用到 yacc, can_build_in_linux branch 除了修改程式码与编译参数,
还有 yacc 需要改为使用 byacc (Berkeley YACC, 修改 Makefile), 使用 apt-get 来安
装 byacc。
apt-get install byacc
bison 会有以下错误讯息:
bison.err
1 gram.y:2340.31-32: error: $$ for the midrule at $3 of ‘statement’ has no
declared type
2 | ID COLON { $$ = $1; stmt_seen=1; } caselab_stmt
3 ^^
4 gram.y:2344.34-35: error: $$ for the midrule at $3 of ‘statement’ has no
declared type
5 | TNAME COLON { $$ = new name($<pn>1->string); stmt_seen=1; }
caselab_stmt
6 ^^
编译指令:
cd src
make CC=gcc CCFLAGS="-Os -fpermissive -I../incl-master/incl-linux32/"
看到以下错误免着惊, 这是药气等待行, cfront 其实已经编译出来了。
g++ -o cfront Bits.o alloc.o block.o dcl.o dcl2.o dcl3.o dcl4.o del.o
discrim.o error.o expand.o expr.o expr2.o expr3.o find.o hash.o lalex.o lex.o
main.o norm.o norm2.o print.o print2.o repr.o simpl.o simpl2.o size.o table.o
template.o tree_copy.o tree_walk.o typ.o typ2.o y.tab.o _stdio.o
Makefile:23: recipe for target 'cfront' failed
make: [cfront] Error 1 (ignored)
cp cfront ..
cfront 编好了。
也可以用 cfront 编译 cfront 自己, 不过先要编出 cfront 才行, CC3 就会使用
cfront 来编译, 不过有些问题, 得手动修改, 我懒的改, 没成功用 cfront 编译
cfront 自己。
终于 build 出来了, 执行一下, 感动阿!
run cfront
1 [email protected]:cfront-3$ ./cfront
2 # 1 ""
3
4 /* <<AT&T C++ Language System <3.0.3> 05/05/94>> */
5 char __cfront_version_303_xxxxxxxx;
用 cfont 编译 demo/hello/hello.C
demo/hello/hello.C
1 #include <stream.h>
2
3 main()
4 {
5 cout << "Hello, World!\n";
6 }
有点难度, 步骤如下:
cp hello.C incl-master/incl-linux32
gcc -I. -E hello.C > hh.c
../../cfront < hh.c > h3.c
有没很感动, 输出一个 c 的 c++ 程式, bjarne 有你的。
h3.c
1 # 1 ""
2
3 /* <<AT&T C++ Language System <3.0.3> 05/05/94>> */
4 char __cfront_version_303_xxxxxxxx;
5
6 #pragma lib "ape/libap.a"
7
8 #pragma lib "c++/libC.a"
9
10 # 1 ""
11 char *__vec_new ();
12
13 # 1 ""
14 char __vec_delete ();
15 typedef int (*__vptp)();
16 struct __mptr {short d; short i; __vptp f; };
17
18 # 1 ""
19 extern struct __mptr* __ptbl_vec___[];
20
21 # 1 ""
22
23 # 49 "./iostream.h"
24 typedef long streampos ;
25 typedef long streamoff ;
26 enum __Q2_3ios8io_state { goodbit__Q2_3ios8io_state = 0,
eofbit__Q2_3ios8io_state = 1, failbit__Q2_3ios8io_state = 2,
badbit__Q2_3ios8io_state = 4, hardfail__Q2_3ios8io_state = 128} ;
27 enum __Q2_3ios9open_mode { in__Q2_3ios9open_mode = 1,
out__Q2_3ios9open_mode = 2, ate__Q2_3ios9open_mode = 4,
app__Q2_3ios9open_mode = 8, trunc__Q2_3ios9open_mode = 16,
nocreate__Q2_3ios9open_mode = 32, noreplace__Q2_3ios9open_mode = 64} ;
28 enum __Q2_3ios8seek_dir { beg__Q2_3ios8seek_dir = 0,
cur__Q2_3ios8seek_dir = 1, end__Q2_3ios8seek_dir = 2} ;
29 enum __Q2_3ios4__E1 { skipws__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 1, left__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 2,
right__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 4, internal__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 8, dec__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 16,
oct__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 32, hex__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 64, showbase__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 128,
showpoint__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 256, uppercase__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 512,
showpos__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 1024, scientific__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 2048,
fixed__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 4096, unitbuf__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 8192,
30 # 54 "./iostream.h"
31 stdio__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 16384} ;
32 enum __Q2_3ios4__E2 { skipping__Q2_3ios4__E2 = 512, tied__Q2_3ios4__E2 =
1024} ;
33 struct ios { /* sizeof ios == 88 */
34
35 # 153 "./iostream.h"
36 int nuser__3ios ;
37
38 # 155 "./iostream.h"
39 union ios_user_union *x_user__3ios ;
40
41 # 162 "./iostream.h"
42 struct streambuf *bp__3ios ;
43
44 # 168 "./iostream.h"
45 int state__3ios ;
46 int ispecial__3ios ;
47 int ospecial__3ios ;
48 int isfx_special__3ios ;
49 int osfx_special__3ios ;
50 int delbuf__3ios ;
51 struct ostream *x_tie__3ios ;
52 long x_flags__3ios ;
53 short x_precision__3ios ;
54 char x_fill__3ios ;
55 short x_width__3ios ;
56
57 # 186 "./iostream.h"
58 int assign_private__3ios ;
59
60 # 193 "./iostream.h"
61 struct __mptr *__vptr__3ios ;
62 };
63
64 # 84 "./iostream.h"
65 extern long basefield__3ios ;
66
67 # 86 "./iostream.h"
68 extern long adjustfield__3ios ;
69
70 # 88 "./iostream.h"
71 extern long floatfield__3ios ;
72
73 # 150 "./iostream.h"
74 extern long nextbit__3ios ;
75 extern long nextword__3ios ;
76
77 # 180 "./iostream.h"
78 extern char (*stdioflush__3ios )();
79
80 # 195 "./iostream.h"
81 struct streambuf { /* sizeof streambuf == 80 */
82 short alloc__9streambuf ;
83 short x_unbuf__9streambuf ;
84 char *x_base__9streambuf ;
85 char *x_pbase__9streambuf ;
86 char *x_pptr__9streambuf ;
87 char *x_epptr__9streambuf ;
88 char *x_gptr__9streambuf ;
89 char *x_egptr__9streambuf ;
90 char *x_eback__9streambuf ;
91 int x_blen__9streambuf ;
92
93 # 370 "./iostream.h"
94 struct __mptr *__vptr__9streambuf ;
95 };
96
97 # 1 ""
98 extern char __dl__FPv ();
99
100 # 246 "./iostream.h"
101
102 # 255 "./iostream.h"
103 int doallocate__9streambufFv ();
104
105 # 258 "./iostream.h"
106 int underflow__9streambufFv ();
107
108 # 369 "./iostream.h"
109 int x_snextc__9streambufFv ();
110
111 # 259 "./iostream.h"
112 int pbackfail__9streambufFi ();
113
114 # 257 "./iostream.h"
115 int overflow__9streambufFi ();
116
117 # 24 "./string.h"
118 extern char *memcpy ();
119
120 # 229 "./iostream.h"
121
122 # 265 "./iostream.h"
123 int xsputn__9streambufFPCci ();
124
125 # 234 "./iostream.h"
126
127 # 266 "./iostream.h"
128 int xsgetn__9streambufFPci ();
129
130 # 372 "./iostream.h"
131 struct istream { /* sizeof istream == 112 */
132
133 # 493 "./iostream.h"
134 int x_gcount__7istream ;
135
136 # 503 "./iostream.h"
137 struct __mptr *__vptr__7istream ;
138 struct ios *Pios;
139 struct ios Oios;
140 };
141
142 # 489 "./iostream.h"
143 int do_ipfx__7istreamFi ();
144
145 # 298 "./iostream.h"
146
147 # 302 "./iostream.h"
148
149 # 418 "./iostream.h"
150 struct istream *rs_complicated__7istreamFRUc ();
151
152 # 298 "./iostream.h"
153
154 # 302 "./iostream.h"
155
156 # 419 "./iostream.h"
157 struct istream *rs_complicated__7istreamFRc ();
158
159 # 429 "./iostream.h"
160 struct istream *get__7istreamFPcic ();
161
162 # 298 "./iostream.h"
163
164 # 292 "./iostream.h"
165
166 # 436 "./iostream.h"
167 struct istream *get_complicated__7istreamFRUc ();
168
169 # 298 "./iostream.h"
170
171 # 292 "./iostream.h"
172
173 # 437 "./iostream.h"
174 struct istream *get_complicated__7istreamFRc ();
175
176 # 377 "./iostream.h"
177
178 # 292 "./iostream.h"
179
180 # 163 "./iostream.h"
181
182 # 377 "./iostream.h"
183
184 # 281 "./iostream.h"
185
186 # 480 "./iostream.h"
187 struct istream *read__7istreamFPci ();
188
189 # 260 "./iostream.h"
190 int sync__9streambufFv ();
191
192 # 505 "./iostream.h"
193 struct ostream { /* sizeof ostream == 104 */
194
195 # 610 "./iostream.h"
196 struct __mptr *__vptr__7ostream ;
197 struct ios *Pios;
198 struct ios Oios;
199 };
200
201 # 601 "./iostream.h"
202 int do_opfx__7ostreamFv ();
203 char do_osfx__7ostreamFv ();
204
205 # 538 "./iostream.h"
206 struct ostream *complicated_put__7ostreamFc ();
207
208 # 324 "./iostream.h"
209
210 # 163 "./iostream.h"
211
212 # 568 "./iostream.h"
213 struct ostream *ls_complicated__7ostreamFc ();
214
215 # 324 "./iostream.h"
216
217 # 163 "./iostream.h"
218
219 # 569 "./iostream.h"
220 struct ostream *ls_complicated__7ostreamFUc ();
221
222 # 324 "./iostream.h"
223
224 # 163 "./iostream.h"
225
226 # 572 "./iostream.h"
227 struct ostream *__ls__7ostreamFi ();
228
229 # 329 "./iostream.h"
230
231 # 163 "./iostream.h"
232
233 # 589 "./iostream.h"
234
235 # 612 "./iostream.h"
236 struct iostream { /* sizeof iostream == 128 */
237
238 # 493 "./iostream.h"
239 int x_gcount__7istream ;
240
241 # 503 "./iostream.h"
242 struct __mptr *__vptr__7istream ;
243 struct ios *Pios;
244 struct ostream Oostream;
245 };
246
247 # 620 "./iostream.h"
248 struct istream_withassign { /* sizeof istream_withassign == 112 */
249
250 # 493 "./iostream.h"
251 int x_gcount__7istream ;
252
253 # 503 "./iostream.h"
254 struct __mptr *__vptr__7istream ;
255 struct ios *Pios;
256 struct ios Oios;
257 };
258
259 # 644 "./iostream.h"
260 extern struct istream_withassign cin ;
261
262 # 628 "./iostream.h"
263 struct ostream_withassign { /* sizeof ostream_withassign == 104 */
264
265 # 610 "./iostream.h"
266 struct __mptr *__vptr__7ostream ;
267 struct ios *Pios;
268 struct ios Oios;
269 };
270
271 # 645 "./iostream.h"
272 extern struct ostream_withassign cout ;
273 extern struct ostream_withassign cerr ;
274 extern struct ostream_withassign clog ;
275
276 # 657 "./iostream.h"
277 struct Iostream_init { /* sizeof Iostream_init == 1 */
278
279 # 657 "./iostream.h"
280 char __W23__13Iostream_init ;
281 };
282
283 # 658 "./iostream.h"
284 extern int stdstatus__13Iostream_init ;
285 extern int initcount__13Iostream_init ;
286
287 # 663 "./iostream.h"
288 char __dt__13Iostream_initFv ();
289
290 # 662 "./iostream.h"
291 struct Iostream_init *__ct__13Iostream_initFv ();
292
293 # 664 "./iostream.h"
294 static struct Iostream_init iostream_init ;
295
296 #pragma lib "ape/libap.a"
297
298 #pragma lib "c++/libC.a"
299
300 #pragma lib "ape/libap.a"
301
302 #pragma lib "c++/libC.a"
303
304 # 20 "./generic.h"
305 typedef int (*GPT )();
306
307 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
308 struct smanip_int { /* sizeof smanip_int == 16 */
309
310 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
311 struct ios *(*fct__10smanip_int )();
312
313 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
314 int arg__10smanip_int ;
315 };
316
317 # 1 ""
318 extern char *__nw__FUl ();
319
320 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
321 struct sapply_int { /* sizeof sapply_int == 8 */
322
323 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
324 struct ios *(*fct__10sapply_int )();
325 };
326
327 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
328 struct imanip_int { /* sizeof imanip_int == 16 */
329
330 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
331 struct istream *(*fct__10imanip_int )();
332
333 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
334 int arg__10imanip_int ;
335 };
336
337 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
338 struct iapply_int { /* sizeof iapply_int == 8 */
339
340 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
341 struct istream *(*fct__10iapply_int )();
342 };
343
344 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
345 struct omanip_int { /* sizeof omanip_int == 16 */
346
347 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
348 struct ostream *(*fct__10omanip_int )();
349
350 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
351 int arg__10omanip_int ;
352 };
353
354 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
355 struct oapply_int { /* sizeof oapply_int == 8 */
356
357 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
358 struct ostream *(*fct__10oapply_int )();
359 };
360
361 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
362 struct iomanip_int { /* sizeof iomanip_int == 16 */
363
364 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
365 struct iostream *(*fct__11iomanip_int )();
366
367 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
368 int arg__11iomanip_int ;
369 };
370
371 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
372 struct ioapply_int { /* sizeof ioapply_int == 8 */
373
374 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
375 struct iostream *(*fct__11ioapply_int )();
376 };
377
378 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
379
380 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
381 struct smanip_long { /* sizeof smanip_long == 16 */
382
383 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
384 struct ios *(*fct__11smanip_long )();
385
386 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
387 long arg__11smanip_long ;
388 };
389
390 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
391 struct sapply_long { /* sizeof sapply_long == 8 */
392
393 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
394 struct ios *(*fct__11sapply_long )();
395 };
396
397 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
398 struct imanip_long { /* sizeof imanip_long == 16 */
399
400 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
401 struct istream *(*fct__11imanip_long )();
402
403 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
404 long arg__11imanip_long ;
405 };
406
407 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
408 struct iapply_long { /* sizeof iapply_long == 8 */
409
410 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
411 struct istream *(*fct__11iapply_long )();
412 };
413
414 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
415 struct omanip_long { /* sizeof omanip_long == 16 */
416
417 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
418 struct ostream *(*fct__11omanip_long )();
419
420 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
421 long arg__11omanip_long ;
422 };
423
424 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
425 struct oapply_long { /* sizeof oapply_long == 8 */
426
427 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
428 struct ostream *(*fct__11oapply_long )();
429 };
430
431 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
432 struct iomanip_long { /* sizeof iomanip_long == 16 */
433
434 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
435 struct iostream *(*fct__12iomanip_long )();
436
437 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
438 long arg__12iomanip_long ;
439 };
440
441 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
442 struct ioapply_long { /* sizeof ioapply_long == 8 */
443
444 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
445 struct iostream *(*fct__12ioapply_long )();
446 };
447
448 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
449
450 # 10 "./stdio.h"
451 typedef char *va_list ;
452
453 # 118 "./stdio.h"
454 extern char *sys_errlist [];
455 extern int sys_nerr ;
456 extern unsigned char *_bufendtab [];
457
458 # 22 "./stdiostream.h"
459 struct stdiobuf { /* sizeof stdiobuf == 96 */
460
461 # 196 "./iostream.h"
462 short alloc__9streambuf ;
463 short x_unbuf__9streambuf ;
464 char *x_base__9streambuf ;
465 char *x_pbase__9streambuf ;
466 char *x_pptr__9streambuf ;
467 char *x_epptr__9streambuf ;
468 char *x_gptr__9streambuf ;
469 char *x_egptr__9streambuf ;
470 char *x_eback__9streambuf ;
471 int x_blen__9streambuf ;
472
473 # 370 "./iostream.h"
474 struct __mptr *__vptr__9streambuf ;
475
476 # 36 "./stdiostream.h"
477 struct _iobuf *fp__8stdiobuf ;
478 int last_op__8stdiobuf ;
479 char buf__8stdiobuf [2];
480 };
481
482 # 21 "./fstream.h"
483 struct filebuf { /* sizeof filebuf == 120 */
484
485 # 196 "./iostream.h"
486 short alloc__9streambuf ;
487 short x_unbuf__9streambuf ;
488 char *x_base__9streambuf ;
489 char *x_pbase__9streambuf ;
490 char *x_pptr__9streambuf ;
491 char *x_epptr__9streambuf ;
492 char *x_gptr__9streambuf ;
493 char *x_egptr__9streambuf ;
494 char *x_eback__9streambuf ;
495 int x_blen__9streambuf ;
496
497 # 370 "./iostream.h"
498 struct __mptr *__vptr__9streambuf ;
499
500 # 45 "./fstream.h"
501 int xfd__7filebuf ;
502 int mode__7filebuf ;
503 char opened__7filebuf ;
504 streampos last_seek__7filebuf ;
505 char *in_start__7filebuf ;
506
507 # 51 "./fstream.h"
508 char lahead__7filebuf [2];
509 };
510
511 # 23 "./fstream.h"
512 extern int openprot__7filebuf ;
513
514 # 54 "./fstream.h"
515 struct fstreambase { /* sizeof fstreambase == 224 */
516
517 # 72 "./fstream.h"
518 struct filebuf buf__11fstreambase ;
519
520 # 75 "./fstream.h"
521 struct __mptr *__vptr__11fstreambase ;
522 struct ios *Pios;
523 struct ios Oios;
524 };
525
526 # 87 "./fstream.h"
527
528 # 70 "./fstream.h"
529
530 # 141 "./iostream.h"
531
532 # 70 "./fstream.h"
533
534 # 77 "./fstream.h"
535 struct ifstream { /* sizeof ifstream == 248 */
536
537 # 72 "./fstream.h"
538 struct filebuf buf__11fstreambase ;
539
540 # 75 "./fstream.h"
541 struct __mptr *__vptr__11fstreambase ;
542 struct ios *Pios;
543 struct istream Oistream;
544 };
545
546 # 102 "./fstream.h"
547
548 # 70 "./fstream.h"
549
550 # 141 "./iostream.h"
551
552 # 70 "./fstream.h"
553
554 # 92 "./fstream.h"
555 struct ofstream { /* sizeof ofstream == 240 */
556
557 # 72 "./fstream.h"
558 struct filebuf buf__11fstreambase ;
559
560 # 75 "./fstream.h"
561 struct __mptr *__vptr__11fstreambase ;
562 struct ios *Pios;
563 struct ostream Oostream;
564 };
565
566 # 117 "./fstream.h"
567
568 # 70 "./fstream.h"
569
570 # 141 "./iostream.h"
571
572 # 70 "./fstream.h"
573
574 # 53 "./stream.h"
575
576 # 54 "./stream.h"
577
578 # 55 "./stream.h"
579
580 # 56 "./stream.h"
581
582 # 57 "./stream.h"
583
584 # 58 "./stream.h"
585
586 # 59 "./stream.h"
587
588 # 60 "./stream.h"
589
590 # 62 "./stream.h"
591 typedef int state_value ;
592
593 # 571 "./iostream.h"
594 struct ostream *__ls__7ostreamFPCc ();
595
596 # 3 "hello.C"
597 int main (){ _main();
598 # 4 "hello.C"
599 {
600 # 5 "hello.C"
601 __ls__7ostreamFPCc ( (struct ostream *)(& cout ), (char *)"Hello,
World!\n") ;
602 }
603 }
604 # 6 "hello.C"
605 char __sti___main_ ()
606 # 664 "./iostream.h"
607 { __ct__13Iostream_initFv ( & iostream_init ) ;
608
609 # 664 "./iostream.h"
610 }
611
612 # 6 "hello.C"
613 char __std___main_ ()
614 # 664 "./iostream.h"
615 { __dt__13Iostream_initFv ( & iostream_init , 2) ;
616
617 # 664 "./iostream.h"
618 }
619
620 # 23 "./fstream.h"
621 int openprot__7filebuf ;
622
623 # 56 "./iostream.h"
624
625 # 659 "./iostream.h"
626 int initcount__13Iostream_init ;
627
628 # 658 "./iostream.h"
629 int stdstatus__13Iostream_init ;
630
631 # 180 "./iostream.h"
632 char (*stdioflush__3ios )();
633
634 # 151 "./iostream.h"
635 long nextword__3ios ;
636
637 # 150 "./iostream.h"
638 long nextbit__3ios ;
639
640 # 88 "./iostream.h"
641 long floatfield__3ios ;
642
643 # 86 "./iostream.h"
644 long adjustfield__3ios ;
645
646 # 84 "./iostream.h"
647 long basefield__3ios ;
648
649 # 6 "hello.C"
650
651 /* the end */
只有这样还不能满足吧, 希望可以让这个 c 档案透过 gcc 编译出可执行档案, 这就会需
要那个 libC.a 了, cout 在 libC.a 中。
上面那个是我自己乱试的, 后来我参考了 cfront-3/demo/hello/hello.sh, 知道整个使
用 cfront 的编译步骤。
cfront-3/demo/hello/hello.sh
1 #!/bin/sh
2
3 # manual steps to compile a program
4 #
http://lists.nongnu.org/archive/html/tinycc-devel/2014-12/binCQHJXV7ywM.bin
5 #
6 # The CC script now work.
7 # Anyway, here is how to compile a C++ file manually
8
9
10 D=../..
11
12 if [ ! -x ${D}/cfront ]; then
13 echo "error: cfront compiler not found"
14 exit
15 fi
16
17 cpp -I${D}/incl hello.C > hello.i # run preprocessor
18 ${D}/cfront +a1 +L +fhello.C < hello.i > hello..c # run cfront
19 cc hello..c ${D}/libC.a -o hello.tmp # compile and link
plain C
20
21 # For static con/destructors, the nm/munch thingy is needed
22
23 nm hello.tmp | ${D}/munch > hello.cdts..c # run mn against linked binary
and filter
24 cc hello..c hello.cdts..c ${D}/libC.a -o hello # compile and link
again
25
26 ./hello
我们来看看怎么编译在平常不过的 hello world c++ 程式。
hello.C
1 #include <stream.h>
2
3 main()
4 {
5 cout << "Hello, World!\n";
6 }
在 cfront-3 目录中执行:
cpp -Iincl-master/incl-linux32/ hello.C > hello.i # 处理 header files
./cfront +a1 +L +fhello.C < hello.i > hello..c # 将 cpp 档 (.C) 转成 .c 档
gcc hello..c ./libC.a -o hello.tmp # 不知道
nm hello.tmp | ./munch > hello.cdts..c # 不知道
gcc hello..c hello.cdts..c ./libC.a -o hello # 输出可执行档
./hello # 执行
看到印出来的 Hello, World 真是感动。
用 cfront 编译 alloc.C 遇到的问题:
CC3 L608
eval 'gcc -Du3b -U__GNUC__ -D__cfront__ -D__cplusplus=1 -D__signed__=
-D__null=0 -E' ' -I../incl-master/incl-linux32/ -D__CFRONT_ANSI_OPT'
'-Dc_plusplus=1' '-D__cplusplus=1' '' ' -I/media/work/git/cfront-3/incl'
'alloc.C' \>/media/work/git/cfront-3/tmpdir/CC.25638/cpptmp
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