[闲聊] 32种具抗老抗皱潜力的天然萃取物(1~8)

楼主: antioxidant (0.0)   2016-02-21 09:07:44
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1. Aesculus hippocastanum L. (Family: Hippocastanaceae) 欧洲七叶树
从含纤维母细胞之胶原蛋白胶体的实验模型(fibroblast populated collagen gels)结果
显示,欧洲七叶树的萃取物对纤维母细胞具有收缩效果,细胞的收缩能使肌肤看起来紧实
。40位女性自愿者临床实验结果,使用含3% 欧洲七叶树萃取液的产品,每天涂抹在眼周2
次,持续6周后,皱纹指数从0.766下降到0.597,对比安慰剂的从0.895上升到0.956,明
显有减少皱纹的功效[1]。
2. Aloe vera L. (Family: Liliaceae) 库拉索芦荟
芦荟素A (Aloin A)和芦荟素B (Aloin B)已经证明能抑制溶组织梭菌胶原酶
(Clostridium histolyticum collagenase),其整个过程可逆且不具竞争性。芦荟胶和芦
荟素同样能抑制受刺激颗粒细胞里的基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinases,
MMPs) [2]。芦荟所含的化合物芦荟苦素(Aloesin,
2-acetonyl-8-beta-dglucopyranosyl-7-hydroxy-5-methylchromone)借由竞争性的抑制
酪胺酸酶反应路径能间接影响黑色素的生成。在人类的黑色素细胞实验中,芦荟苦素能抑
制形成黑色素所需的酶,包括酪胺酸羟化酶(tyrosine hydroxylase)和3,4-二羟苯丙胺酸
氧化酶(3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine oxidase),且呈剂量关系[3]。
3. Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge (Family: Fabaceae) 黄耆
黄耆是常见的植物,在大陆、韩国、蒙古和西伯利亚皆可见。主要的活性物是多糖和黄酮
类[4],黄耆萃取物被发现其在角质细胞和纤维母细胞的培养中,能提高玻尿酸合成酶
-3(hyaluronan synthase-3)和玻尿酸合成酶-2(hyaluronan synthase-2)的mRNA表现,进
而增加玻尿酸的含量[5]。因老化同时也会流失玻尿酸,所以,黄耆萃取物也可以视为具
抗老化功能的天然萃取物。
4. Berberis aristata DC. (Family: Berberidaceae) 印度小檗
印度小檗生长于印度且在东南亚也能见到,在阿育吠陀(Ayurveda)传统医学里,常用来治
疗肝胆不适;在俄罗斯,则使用在发炎、高血压和异常的子宫出血等疾病[6];还能预防
粉刺[7],和蜂蜜混合则有治疗口腔和皮肤的溃疡的效果[8]。它的根部萃取液据说能治疗
皮肤疾病和净化血液。黄连素(berberine)是印度小檗的活性成份,已经证明在UV光引发
的皮肤老化过程中,能抑制MMP-9、TPA诱发的IL-6表现、ERK活化反应和AP-1 DNA的结合
活性[9]。黄连素也能调控纤维母细胞里的MMP-1和第一型前胶原的表现[10]。
5. Calendula officinalis L. (Family: Asteraceae) 金盏花
金盏花长期使用在民俗疗法,主要治疗灼伤(含晒伤)、瘀伤和皮肤炎。在小鼠实验中,先
照射UVB后,再口服金盏花萃取液,结果在发炎的皮肤检测出MMP-2和MMP-9的表现量增加
;在MMP家族中MMP-1分解胶原蛋白能力最强,再来是MMP-8和MMP-13。MMP-2和MMP-9不能
分解完整的胶原蛋白,但MMP-1加上MMP-9能分解胶原蛋白成小胜肽,由于发炎的细胞会透
过细胞外基质(extracellular matrix, ECM)修复,增加的MMP会降解更多细胞外基质,可
能有助于皮肤修复,且帮助原胶原合成,但这都还需要进一步研究去证明[11]。
6. Camellia japonica L. (Family: Theaceae) 山茶花
山茶花油有抗皮肤老化的功效[12],在 human COL1A2 promoter luciferase assay 中,
COL1A2 报告子(reporter)的活性随着山茶花油添加量增加而增加,呈剂量关系。因
COL1A2 基因调控human α-2(I) collagen胶原蛋白的表现,所以山茶花油具有帮助皮肤
胶原蛋白的生成的潜力。另发现还能诱发第一型原胶原的生成并抑制 MMP-1的活性,且能
减少皮肤水份的散失而不会产生任何不适。
7. Camellia sinensis L. (Family: Theaceae) 茶叶
茶叶种植起源于东亚。含2-5% 绿茶萃取物的防晒产品能保护皮肤在UV光照射下,减缓光
老化、光免疫抑制反应、红斑、表皮增厚和(CK)-5/6、CK16、MMP-2、MMP-9的增量表现
[13]。在一个双盲、安慰剂为对照组的临床实验,2组有中度光老化现象的健康女性,一
组使用含10%绿茶萃取的乳液加上一日两次口服300mg绿茶萃取物,另一组将口服部分换为
安慰剂,8周后检查皮肤状况,发现口服绿茶萃取物这组能增加皮肤弹性组织含量,安慰
剂组则反而减少,证明绿茶能预防皮肤老化[14]。若将茶多酚 catechin、EGC、EGCG等加
在防晒产品里能保护皮肤因UV光照射造成的发炎、氧化、破坏DNA等反应及减少皮肤癌的
风险[15]。
8. Centella asiatica L. Urban. (Family: Umbelliferae) 积雪草;雷公根
积雪草常见于印度、斯里兰卡、马达加斯加、南非、澳洲、中国和日本。它含多种三萜类
和皂苷,包括羟基积雪草苷(madecassoside)、积雪草苷(asiaticoside)、斯里兰卡积雪
草苷(centelloside)和积雪草酸(asiatic acid),这些成分能增加细胞生长、生成胶原蛋
白、促进伤口愈合等[16-17]。羟基积雪草苷能诱发胶原蛋白产生和改善发炎反应,在一
双盲临床的实验结果,它能改善皮肤的皱纹、柔软度(suppleness)、紧实度(firmness)、
平滑度(roughness)和含水量[18]。另一活性成分,积雪草苷则能诱使真皮层的纤维母细
胞合成第一型的胶原蛋白[19]。含积雪草水萃物的配方产品能使皮肤受伤的小鼠加速细胞
增生和胶原蛋白的合成,证明其能增加胶原蛋白含量和皮肤强度[20]。将积雪草的三萜类
加在培养的皮肤纤维母细胞中,能增加胶原蛋白和纤维结合蛋白(fibronectin)的合成,
或许这也能说明积雪草萃取物可以帮助伤口愈合的原因[21]。
参考资料:
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