※ 引述《dogodogo (dogo)》之铭言:
: ※ 引述《archies (Hakuna Matata)》之铭言:
: : 昨天我还在感慨
: : 结果今天就看到新闻了......哎。
: : 的确诚如疾病管制局所言
: : 冲泡婴儿配方奶粉,水温至少要70度
: : 为什么要70度,最主要是杀死奶粉中可能有的病原体
: : 这也就是为什么很多热水瓶可以设定70度C保温的原因
: : 泡完之后,如果是用玻璃奶瓶,可以用流水冲洗
: : 两分钟以内,温度就可以降到40度以下
: : 其实也还蛮快的
: : 而且只要奶粉一开瓶,就"必然"会有环境中的细菌跑进去
: : 下面这网址是美国FDA说明婴儿奶粉制造过程中可能的污染
: : http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/03/briefing/3939b1_tab4b.htm
: 不好意思驻版医师,
有疑问欢迎讨论啊,不用不好意思
根据上面FDA的资料(我不会很喜欢看厂商的资料)
(因为厂商会喜欢强调他的过程多好多怎么样的....不如FDA的清楚明白)
其中一段内文有讲到制程温度
After the addition of micro-nutrients, the liquid may be concentrated by
passing it through an evaporator or it may be pumped directly to the
spray dryer. If the product is evaporated, it is heated to 145 – 170°F
during the process.
In some cases, the concentrated liquid may be cooled to less than 45°F
and stored in a large tank (10,000 – 30,000 gallons) until needed.
Prior to spray drying, the product is pre-heated to 160 – 200°F and
passed through a high pressure pump to the spray dryer nozzles.
The product is atomized into the spray dryer where the inlet air temperature
ranges from 280 - 400°F, depending on the dryer model and process
requirements. The spray dryer may be either a horizontal box-type
dryer or a vertical funnel shaped dryer.
简单来说,在干燥过程中,会加热到华氏160-200度。甚至是后来的华氏280-400度
华氏温度=摄氏X1.8 + 32.
另外一个是wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_formula
在第一个灭菌步骤中(pasteurization)
This is a process that protects against spoilage by eliminating bacteria,
yeasts and molds. It involves quickly heating and then cooling of the product
under controlled conditions which micro-organisms cannot survive.
The batch is held at around 85–94 °C for approximately 30 seconds
which is necessary to adequately reduce micro-organisms and prepare the formula
for filling.
会加热到85-94C,约30秒
后来还有一个无菌步骤(Steralization)
sterilization is a traditional retort sterilization method that uses
10-15mins treatment at 118 °C.
Ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) is a method that uses a brief (2–3 seconds)
treatment at 142 °C.
传统上用摄氏118灭菌,10-15分钟
后来有超高温灭菌, 摄氏142度, 2-3秒
: 文中制造奶粉的过程可能有些地方需要更正一下
: 为了避免奶粉中的营养被破坏,还有降低生产奶粉时的费用,工厂会先用低压环境让奶粉
: 沸点降低到约50度C做初步除水,且在这个步骤就可以做到杀菌(就是鲜奶广告中的低温
: 杀菌)
: 即使到了最后的高温步骤也不过80度C左右,且只有短短20秒,20秒后会快速的冷却
: 参考网址如下
: https://www.google.com.tw/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&ei=IyraU9yWMI_f8AX3j4KwAQ&
: url=https://www.usaemergencysupply.com/information_center/powdered_milk_made.h
: tm&cd=2&ved=0CB0QFjAB&usg=AFQjCNH-WjtrxVvkQjJ-Qp7OL1Y036F5ww
这连结没办法开,可以请您缩网址吗?
您看的是"奶粉" 还是"婴儿奶粉"
"婴儿奶粉"的制造要求是比一般奶粉严格很多的......
也就是不能拿大人喝的给北鼻喝就是......
: 医师的奶粉制造过程文中,不晓得是不是我没仔细阅读,并没有提到温度的部分
: 所以才回文的
: 如有冒犯,还请见谅