来源：
https://goo.gl/KS6STN
You'll Need 286 Pounds of Coal to Fuel That Electric Road Trip
New Yorkers looking to escape the winter chill by driving to Daytona Beach,
Florida, would use about 40 gallons of gasoline to traverse the 1,000 miles
in a Chevrolet Impala.
纽约人开着Chevrolet Impala 去佛罗里达Daytona 海滩躲避寒冬大概需要40加仑
的汽油来行驶1600公里。
Switch that gas guzzler out for an electron-eating EV and the equation
changes. A Tesla Model S traveling the same distance would need power
generated by about 2,500 cubic feet of natural gas, 286 pounds of coal or 33
minutes of blades spinning on a giant offshore wind turbine to make the same
journey.
一辆Tesla Model S 行驶同样的距离大约需要2500立方英呎的天然气、130公斤的煤、
或者是大型风力发电机在海上转33分钟来产生电力。
https://i.imgur.com/fiHL4FU.png
As electric vehicles slowly become a bigger part of the global automobile
fleet, questions about mileage and fuel efficiency are going to become more
apposite. While there are multiple variables that can affect electric vehicle
energy consumption, a Bloomberg NEF analysis illustrated some ballpark
estimates to give drivers a better picture of what’s happening underneath
the hood.
随着电动车逐渐成为全球汽车车队的一个重要组成成分，有关里程和效率的问题
将变得更合时宜。虽然有多个变量会影响电动车的能源消耗，但Bloomberg NEF
分析显示了一些大概的估计，可以让驾驶更好地了解引擎盖下发生的情况。
Coal
Taking that same 1,000-mile road trip in an electric vehicle that needs 33
kilowatt-hours of energy to travel 100 miles, like a Tesla Model S, would
require about 286 pounds (130 kilograms) of coal to be burned at the local
power plant. Modern coal plants only convert about 35 percent of the fuel’s
energy into electricity, and about 10 percent of that electricity could be
lost as it travels along power lines.
煤
像Tesla Model S 这样的电动车，需要33kWh 的能量才能行驶160km。进行同样
的1600km 公路旅程，大约需要在当地电厂烧掉286磅（130公斤）的煤。现代燃
煤电厂只将大约35% 的燃料能量转化为电能，并且当电力沿着电线传输时，可
能会损失大约10% 的电力。
Even with all those losses, the electric vehicle road trip is still better
for the climate than driving a gasoline-powered car. Burning that much coal
would release about 310 kilograms of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,
compared with 350 kilograms by the 40 gallons of gasoline. Even though coal
tends to emit more pollutants than oil for the amount of energy it generates,
the efficiency of the electric vehicle, which recharges its battery with
every brake, more than makes up the difference.
即使有这些损失，对气候来说开电动车仍然比驾驶燃油车更好。燃烧这么多的煤
会释放大约310公斤的二氧化碳到大气中，相比之下，40加仑汽油会释放350公斤
的二氧化碳。尽管煤炭产生的能量往往会比石油排放更多的污染物，但电动车每
次刹车回充电池所带来的效率可弥补其差异还有剩余。
Natural Gas
A natural gas power plant producing the same amount of electricity would need
to burn about 2,500 cubic feet of the fuel, enough to fill a small apartment
in Hong Kong or a master bedroom in Dallas. Gas plants are more efficient
than coal, typically converting about half the fuel’s energy into
electricity. It’s also much cleaner, emitting just 170 kilograms of carbon
dioxide for the 1,000-mile journey.
天然气
天然气发电厂生产同样电能需要燃烧约2500立方英尺的燃料，足以填满香港的
小公寓或Dallas 的主卧室。天然气电厂比燃煤电厂更有效率，通常可将燃料的
一半能量转化为电能。它也更干净，产生用于1600km 路程的电量仅需排放170
公斤的二氧化碳。
Solar
When it comes to charging electric vehicles with solar power, size matters. A
typical 10-kilowatt rooftop array would need about seven days to create
enough electricity for a 1,000-mile journey, as clouds and darkness mean it
only operates at about 20 percent of its capacity on an average day.
太阳能
用太阳能发电来为电动车充电时，尺寸很重要。一个典型的10kW 的屋顶太阳能
需要大约7天的时间来为1600km 的旅程创造足够的电力，因为云和黑夜意味着
它平均只能以约20% 的发电能力运作。
Scale up to a photovoltaic power station, though, and it would take a matter
of minutes, not days. At a modest-sized solar field like the 25-megawatt
DeSoto Next Generation Solar Center in Florida, the average daily output
would produce enough electricity for a 1,000-mile drive in less than four
minutes.
但扩展到光伏电站，则只需要几分钟而不是几天。像佛罗里达DeSoto 这样新一
代的25MW 规模适中的太阳能中心，平均可以在不到4分钟的时间内为1600km 的
旅程产生足够的电力。
Wind
Wind is a similar story, with different sizes of turbines producing different
amounts of electricity. Take the Vestas V90-2.0 MW, an 80-meter tall behemoth
that can be found swirling on the plains of West Texas, among other
locations. Just one of these turbines, and wind farms are usually planted
with dozens of them, produces enough electricity in a day to power a
1,000-mile trip every 33 minutes.
风力
风力是一个类似的状况，不同大小的涡轮发电机产生不同的电量。以Vestas
V90-2.0MW 为例，这是一个80公尺高的庞然大物，可以在德州西部平原以及其
他地方看到它在转。在一天内，每33分钟，一个这样的涡轮发电机就能产生足
够的电力让电动车行驶1600公里，而风力发电场通常有数十个这样的发电机。
Calculating carbon emissions from wind and solar is a bit trickier. Neither
emit any carbon dioxide in the course of producing electricity on a daily
basis. But unless they’re paired with adequate energy storage