一点的心得啦,从浅谈电竞抽出来
原文
https://goo.gl/N1hq12
会尽量回大家的问题,在不伤害任何人之下
收入来源
现时经营战队所得到的收入来源,大致可分为以下数项:赞助、奖金、补助金、周边、直
播、选手代言及直播分成、选手交易及联赛资格交易。
过往曾经在市场上出现了一阵“养”战队潮,现时在欧洲也有超过二十支职业足球队持有
电竞队伍,而著名的球星朗拿度也是一个俱乐部的老板。但时至今日已经进入了汰弱留强
的局面。因为随着电竞业发展,电竞选手的福利和保障愈来愈受外界关注,职业联赛有条
款强迫俱乐部遵守,而用意是用来保障电竞选手的。因此经营战队的弹性和空间愈来愈小
,而且一线选手身价愈来愈高并有价有市,连带带动二线选手身价,最后导致营运成本愈
来愈高,难以回本。
赞助
几乎每一支职业队伍都想收取赞助费,我个人认为赞助战队是有助提升该品牌的知名度和
销量,但除了赞助战队之外有没有更好的渠道呢?答案是有的,当赞助商在预算充足下,
成为某个职业联赛的指定合作伙伴(赞助)才是最好的选择。 赞助联赛本身有太多优势例
如所有参赛队伍的肖像权赞助商都能使用。因此很多队伍都逐渐失去他们的赞助。举我们
为例,在2013年我们队伍得到的赞助数量及金额是比近年来高。
奖金
大部分职业联赛对选手的合约都规定在最多两年。而所有比赛的奖金大部分都是归选手所
有,否则没有选手会同意这份合约,因此奖金并不是队伍注重的项目。例如英雄联盟由20
15年开始,地区联赛的奖金愈来愈低,但由地区联赛获得世界赛资格的机制及机会愈来愈
成熟,因此也变相在地区联赛也要努力作赛。而自去年的世界赛及季中邀请赛开始,奖金
及所分得利润有稍为回升。
补助金
有游戏公司会给予俱乐部一点的补助,但代价是俱乐部要遵守很多的条例,例如公司配套
的要求、选手的最低薪酬求,及为游戏公司提供选手肖像权。
周边
电子竞技改变了整个周边产品行业的生态,以前大家普遍对鼠标、鼠标垫和键盘等等没有
特别追求和喜好,大家都抱着可以用就行的心态。但随着厂商大洒金钱开发一些声称可以
提升游戏表现的周边产品,这个行业突然受到大家的注意。大家都开始追求周边产品的性
能,甚至带来一定的明星效应。
除此之外选手或战队偶然会与其他品牌合作,推出限量T-shirt等服饰。以上所提到的都
是实质的产品,但毕竟电竞的客户群是游戏玩家,普通玩家们都比较倾向把钱花在游戏内
的虚拟物品,这样的话战队和选手们便没有得益,最后受惠的也是游戏厂商。即使把两者
合并成捆绑式销售,例如买T-shirt送游戏虚拟物品并成捆绑式销售我相信情况也不会有
大分别并成捆绑式销售始终玩家们真正需要的不是那件T-shirt。
举暴雪为例,他们售卖周边多年,但实际所得的利润远不及售卖游戏内物品所得。但我认
为战队能够大幅推动到电竞设备的销量。战队跟键盘、鼠标等电竞设备的品牌进行合作或
优惠,例如推出战队专用耳机,这样可以令战队及设备品牌形成双赢局面。T-shirt精品
那些虽然也有少量收入但无法扩大,只是多除少补。
直播
中国的直播平台会直接跟战队签约,制订包含每月直播时数等条款的直播方案。不过中国
直播业发展到此,已经分出胜负,汰弱留强。那些平台已经不会再为了竞争而大洒金钱。
台港澳区流行的是Twitch,而Twitch已是世界知名因此不会分红给战队。除此之外,选手
在赛期过量直播也会影响比赛发挥,因此俱乐部亦会限制直播频率。
选手的代言及直播分成
走红的人已经一早成名了,而这种人亦知道自己的号召力,估算到自己就算不靠战队也能
在实况平台大赚特赚,因此当然不会分太多甚至不分给战队。台港澳区的商品代言大多是
找退役的选手或者网络名人,而且是个人而非团体。在稍后的泛娱乐化篇章会再详细讲述
。
选手交易
出售选手来赚钱在台港澳地区很难做到,因为出得起钱的战队大多来自中国的队伍,而台
港澳出身的选手亦会视为外援,在台港澳及韩国皆视为外援的情况下,其他赛区的队伍都
会认为引入韩援有利。大部份人觉得无论在话题性和实力上,韩国选手都会比台港澳看高
一线。
联赛资格交易
由于大部分电竞游戏联赛都规定一位队伍持有人只能持有一支队伍,因此有些由练习生组
成的“二队”到乙组参赛及作为锻炼的平台,如果有幸升上甲组时,就会将得到的资格出
售。就如上面所说,即使是乙组队伍,选手及后勤的薪资及宿舍等等的花费也是不容小看
,过去有实力的战队最少也花了三至四季在乙组才晋身甲组联赛,即使未能成为中上游,
身价及价值也会比在乙组时高出很多。因此有人会选择直接买下该资格而无需自组队伍,
就如一些在甲组末段班的足球队还是价值不菲的道理一样。
日后可见的经营模式
俱乐部的开支相当庞大,目前不同游戏的社群经济,其利益都是回流到游戏本身,所以不
能像传统运动一样能够透过代言来赚取大金钱。其实游戏厂商绝对有能力主宰所有战队的
命运,游戏厂商可以为联赛推出专属造型,只要把出售造型的收益的一小部分给战队,我
相信战队已经可以自负盈亏。
其后像足球的欧洲联赛冠军杯的做法般,游戏厂商将赛事转播及广告的收益分给战队,或
者为战队多作推广及广告,美化队伍的品牌的话,能够令俱乐部在各个领域得到变现的机
会。
※引述《fkc (Mr. 男子汉)》之铭言:
: H2K’S LETTER TO THE EU LCS COMMUNITY https://goo.gl/Q6FqJK
: Reddit 相关讨论 https://redd.it/6xgz7r
: ──────────────────────────────────────
─
: 大约几个小时之前, H2K 官方发表一封公开信
: 声明若 Riot 不更改联赛相关的各项规定(主要是关于 $$ 的部分)
: 将不排除退出 EU LCS。
: 公开信原文(略翻,使用死鱼的好棒棒翻译法):
: While H2K’s ownership is based in the U.S., H2K’s roots are in Europe and
: we are committed to the EU region so long as we continue to compete in the
: League of Legends.
:
: H2K 的所有权发迹于美国,但 H2K生根于欧洲;我们 H2K 在欧洲区域表现的好棒棒。
: During the almost two years since the change in H2K ownership, we have been
: privileged to develop close personal relationships with our players,
: cultivate a brand with strong ties to European fans and worked with great
: European partners including our media agency, sponsors and talented
: professional advisors. We believe that our core values and the environment w
e
: have created for our players are distinctly European. It’s for these
: reasons and others that players have been attracted to working with H2K and
: why all members of the 2017 H2K starting roster signed with H2K without
: seeking offers from other teams.
:
: H2K 的所有权变更后,经过了约两年;H2K 一直与欧洲粉丝保持好棒棒的关系
: 并且和许多专业人士,进行好棒棒的合作。
: H2K 深信 H2K 的为欧洲选手所创造的核心价值和好棒棒的专业环境
: 就是所有 2017 H2K 的先发选手都没有跑去跟别人签约的主因。
: We believe that League of Legends is the major league of esports and that
: RIOT has developed the most structured and organized league in esports. We
: also believe that RIOT, as the developer and owner of the software, is
: entitled and should derive very substantial financial benefits for the risks
: it has taken in developing a highly creative and unique electronic game whic
h
: is played worldwide by more than 100 million users per month. We too love
: this game, the competitive league created around it and all the fans that
: support H2K and the EU LCS.
:
: H2K 相信 LOL 是个好棒棒的游戏和电竞项目
: H2K 也相信 Rito 是个好棒棒的软件开发商和开发者
: Rito 理所当然有权力为了他在开发游戏中所承担的风险,而从中获得经济利润
: 因为大家,包含 H2K,都太爱这个好棒棒的游戏了。
: Sadly, however, from a business perspective we consider it irrational to
: continue in a partnership where our partner earns very substantial annual
: profits while, by contrast, we incur annual losses of over €1,000,000. The
: financial arrangement between RIOT and the teams is unfortunately backward
: and upside down. The fact is that most League of Legends teams lose money.
: Operating costs continue to increase dramatically and RIOT’s team
: compensation only covers a small fraction of those costs. In essence, team
: losses are subsidizing the marketing activities of a multi-billion dollar
: company.
:
: 难过的是,我们 H2K 每年都亏钱,哭哭;赔到要做不下去了。
: 我们每年大概赔个 €1,000,000 欧元(1 欧元,约35.7台币;总计约三千五百万台币)
: Rito 和战队之间的经济收入安排,非常不棒棒
: 事实上,大部分的战队都在赔钱,哭哭
: 经营战队的开销越来越高,而 Rito 在经济方面给的补偿却少得可怜,哭哭
: H2K as a premier team in the EU LCS, together with the other professional
: teams competing in the League of Legends, are the fundamental foundation of
: the League of Legends’ food chain. It’s the teams who identify, secure and
: financially support the players. It’s the teams who, in building their
: brands, also promote RIOT and the League of Legends. It’s the teams who
: principally promote their players and attract the loyalty of fans. It’s the
: teams who will fight hard to retain the best EU players in the EU while
: competing with the giant size NA LCS franchise structure. Without H2K and th
e
: other teams in the professional leagues, there would be no games for fans to
: watch, RIOT’s $2 billion in annual in- game sales would decline
: dramatically, RIOT’s streaming/broadcasting revenues (which will exceed $
: 50 million annually) together with in- game ads and major league worldwide
: sponsorships would disappear.
: H2K 是一支好棒棒的 EU LCS 队伍
: 为了选手的权益和粉丝的付出,我们强力抵制 NA LCS 式的联盟化组织结构
: 如果 H2K 和其他队伍退出, Rito 一年至少会短少 $ 20亿美元的游戏相关收入,哼哼
: 而且,和 Rito 合作的转播协力者也会森77,哼哼
: (因为 Rito 每年收的转播权利金是 $5 千万美元)
: With H2K, since January of 2017, having already subsidized RIOT in excess of
: €2,000,000, the current situation is not sustainable and cannot continue.
: The partnership with RIOT is neither rational nor fair. As our partner, RIOT
: should provide financial stability for the teams. The teams in the EU LCS
: should not be expected to continue to subsidize a multi-billion dollar
: company.
: 对于 H2K 来说,从2017 年 一月,已经给了 Rito 超过 €2,000,000 (约七千万台币)
: 这样的日子过不下去了,哭哭
: 身为好伙伴, Rito 应该提供稳定的经济支援
: 不应该是 EU LCS 的队伍把钱掏出来,给一个几十亿资本额的公司
: Accordingly, H2K ownership has made the decision that we will no longer
: financially subsidize RIOT and will not continue in the EU LCS beyond the
: 2017 season UNLESS RIOT creates a new financial and operating structure. RIO
T
: must provide the EU LCS teams with the realistic opportunity to earn through
: subsidies and revenue sharing, minimum compensation of at least €850,000 pe
r
: year. Recognizing that as teams we must perform and contribute to the succes
s
: of the league, we accept that a portion of the revenue sharing should be
: based on competitive performance, viewership, effective branding activities
: and other reasonable metrics. Also, critically important to the teams is tha
t
: any planned changes to the EU LCS structure planned by RIOT for 2018 and
: beyond must actually increase the value of the legacy team slots and not
: diminish them.
:
: H2K 的经营者已经决定不会再给 Rito 钱钱了,并打算退出 EU LCS
: 除非 Rito 提出新的经济和经营合作结构
: Rito 的每年收的钱和权利金分配补助,至少要给出 €850,000 (约两千九百万台币)
: H2K ownership and management very much wish to continue in the EU LCS. We
: have been patient partners with RIOT and they are fully aware of our concern
s
: which have been discussed for many months. We now look to RIOT to make the
: changes dictated by fairness and common sense.
:
: H2K 很希望继续打 EU LCS
:
: Richard Lippe, Board Co Chairman H2K
: Susan Tully, CEO H2K
: ──────────────────────────────────────
─
: 不排除解散啦! ヽ( ゚ ∀ 。)ノ 摆出《前进高棉》的姿势