“Crime Against Democracy”: U.S. Backed Fascist Coup in Bolivia
反民主罪行：美国策动玻利维亚法西斯军事政变
原文出处：Global Research - https://bit.ly/35f97Tk
原文发表日期：2019. 11. 15
作者：Timothy Alexander Guzman
译文：巴勒网 - https://tinyurl.com/wwgmb5w
译者： 陈真
Bolivia’s legitimate President, Evo Morales now in exile in Mexico said that
the “The OAS is in the service of the North American empire” and that he “
could not understand” how his military leaders betrayed Bolivia. “That
confirms that my great crime is to be indigenous. It’s a class problem”
rt.com reported.
玻利维亚的合法民选总统埃沃‧莫拉莱斯 (Evo Morales)，于数天前(11月11日) 流亡墨
西哥。他指出，“美洲国家组织 (The Organization of American States，简称OAS) 专
为美国帝国主义服务”。他表示“无法理解”为何他的军事将领竟然会背叛玻利维亚人民
。他说：“这证实了一件事：亦即我最大的罪行就是我是个原住民。这终究是个阶级问题
。”
Regardless, Morales still has the support of the majority of the Bolivian
people. Morales’ made history as Bolivia’s first indigenous president who
was a poor farmer and without a college education.
无论现况如何，莫拉莱斯总统至今依旧获得大多数玻利维亚人民的支持。他是玻利维亚史
上第一个原住民总统，出身贫穷农家，不曾上过大学。
“The exiled president said that after freeing itself from the International
Monetary Fund, the Bolivian economy was doing better” the report said.
根据报导，“这位流亡总统再度表明：玻利维亚自从脱离了国际货币基金组织 (IMF) 后
，经济情况已有所改善。”
Historically speaking, many Bolivian presidents before Morales were aligned
with Washington’s interests and were oppressive against the poor and
indigenous peoples. They had murdered workers who were on strike and they
even sold off Bolivia’s mineral wealth to U.S. and European corporations.
The Bolivian people remained poor for decades under right-wing dictatorships
who joined forces with the U.S. and even militarized coca producing regions
where Morales experienced firsthand tyranny according to an Al Jazeera story
from 2014 on Evo Morales’s rise to power titled ‘Bolivia: Has Evo Morales
Proven His Critics Wrong? “One event vividly stuck out for Morales after
moving to the coca-growing region: In Chipiriri, a cocalero (coca farmer) was
killed by the military for refusing to plead guilty to trafficking drugs.
“Without any contemplation, [the military] covered his body in gasoline and,
in front of many people, burned him alive” Morales said.
在玻利维亚的历史上，莫拉莱斯之前的许多总统，总是以美国利益惟命是从，强力镇压穷
人及原住民，杀害许多罢工的工人，并且出卖国家矿产利益给美国及一些欧洲公司，以致
于玻利维亚人民数十年来一直都是在美方武装支持的极右独裁政权底下过著赤贫生活；尤
有甚者，对古柯生产地进行军事管制，实施暴虐统治。
根据 2014年半岛电视台针对莫拉莱斯崛起经过的一项纪实报导[注1]，标题为“莫拉莱斯
是否已证明对手是错的？”，莫拉莱斯曾在古柯生产地亲身经历过这样一段恐怖统治。特
别令他难忘的是，他曾在 Chipiriri 城市目击一个种植古柯树的农夫，因为拒绝承认走
私而遭军阀杀害。莫拉莱斯说：
“军头们完全没有半点犹豫，就往那个农夫身上浇满汽油，当着许多人面前点燃，把他活
活烧死。”
[注1] 半岛电视台报导标题”Bolivia: Has Evo Morales proven his critics wrong?”
，网址https://tinyurl.com/vjk9dvr
However, the story also mentioned Morales’s success
“The GDP has steadily grown from 2009 to 2013, and the UN reports that
Bolivia has the highest rate of poverty reduction in Latin America, with a
32.2 percent drop from 2000 to 2012. Employment rates and wages have also
gone up, with a notable 20 percent minimum wage raise last year.” Morales’s
economic plan turned out to be successful as stated by Al Jazeera “Morales
approach of putting various industries under state control, from mines to
telecommunications companies, has generated enormous funds for the
government, which it is using for infrastructure – only 10 percent of the
country’s roads are paved – and social programmes to lift children, mothers
and the elderly out of poverty. Thanks to a successful literacy programme,
UNESCO has declared the country free of illiteracy.”
半岛电视台提到莫拉莱斯施政之成功，如此说道：
“玻利维亚的国内生产总值 (GDP) ，从2009年到2013年持续稳定成长。根据联合国报告
，玻利维亚原本是拉丁美洲贫穷人口比例最高的国家，但在莫拉莱斯的执政下，贫穷人口
从西元 2000年到 2012 年足足减少了 32.2%；就业率与薪资亦有明显成长，最低工资更
是大幅提高了两成。”
半岛电视台分析认为，莫拉莱斯施政成功的原因在于他把矿产及电信等各项产业收归国有
，为国库创造了巨大收益，藉以从事民生基础建设的改善 (在此之前，玻利维亚民生凋敝
，全国仅有一成的道路铺设)；莫拉莱斯并特别致力于妇孺老幼人口的脱贫计画。另外，
莫拉莱斯也成功消除了文盲。2014年8月，联合国教科文组织 (UNESCO) 正式宣告玻利维
亚脱盲成功 (译者注：文盲人口少于总人口4%谓之脱盲)。
When Morales was declared the winner in the October 20th elections, violent
right-wing protests soon followed. The leaders of the opposition led by
mostly fascist elements of Bolivian society including Luis Fernando Camacho
who Max Blumenthal and Ben Norton of The Grayzone described him as “a
powerful multi-millionaire named in the Panama Papers, and an
ultra-conservative Christian fundamentalist groomed by a fascist paramilitary
notorious for its racist violence, with a base in Bolivia’s wealthy
separatist region of Santa Cruz.”
然而，今年10月20日，当莫拉莱斯宣告赢得总统大选，右翼暴乱随即引发；带头者主要是
玻利维亚的法西斯组织领导人卡马丘 (Luis Fernando Camacho) 。创办新闻调查网站“
灰色地带”(the Grayzone) 的美国著名作家、导演及获奖记者 Max Blumenthal 及 Ben
Norton ，形容卡马丘不但是“巴拿马文件”(the Panama Papers) 榜上有名的“权贵财
阀”，而且是“极右基督教基本教义派，从事恶名昭彰之种族主义暴力之法西斯准军事组
织成员。该组织座落于玻利维亚较为富庶的分离主义大城圣克鲁兹（Santa Cruz）”。
(译者注：卡马丘被媒体称呼为“基督教法西斯主义者”，因其信奉种族阶层主义，特别
鄙视原住民，认为原住民是最低等的人种。)
(译者注：巴拿马文件是2016年由“国际调查记者同盟”(ICIJ) 所揭露的一份机密文件，
详列二十几万笔各国政客、财阀刻意隐藏的海外资产黑资料。该文件揭露卡马丘诸多海外
洗钱行径。)
No surprise that Camacho has the support of the right-wing governments of
Colombia and Brazil along with the Venezuelan opposition leaders who are
still trying to overthrow Nicolas Maduro after their recent failures to do
so. The violent protests that has erupted against the Morales government has
led to extreme violence resulting in deaths, beatings of politicians which
forced the resignation of Morales and his vice president García Lineran and
others in his administration on the advice of army officials and police
chiefs who were bought and paid for by Washington.
信奉极右法西斯的卡马丘，获得哥伦比亚与巴西右翼政府以及企图推翻委内瑞拉总统马杜
洛 (Nicolas Maduro) 的反对派人士的支持，自然也就丝毫不令人惊讶。
(译者注：关于美国策动委内瑞拉右翼政变，参见巴勒网两篇译文：
https://bit.ly/2s2zWfp
https://bit.ly/2Qwy0Ge)
卡马丘所带领的反政府暴动，除了殴打政府官员，并旋即发展成导致多人死亡的极端暴力
；美国并以金钱买通军方将领及警察首长，以武力威迫莫拉莱斯总统及副总统 Garcia
Linera 辞职。
The Morales government called it a coup by U.S. backed opposition forces.
Morales did propose dialogue with the opposition parties, but was flatly
rejected. It was reported that Morales even accepted Washington’s lackey,
the ‘Organization of American States’(OAS) advice to set up new elections,
but was ignored.
在这场由美国主导的军事政变中，莫拉莱斯曾要求与反对派进行对话，遭到断然拒绝。根
据报导，莫拉莱斯甚至曾经接受美国“走狗”(lackey)