https://www.reddit.com/r/AdvancedFitness/comments/3uw3v9/research_review_
3_is_it_possible_to_increase/
这篇讨论整理的不错
RT = Resistance Training
CR = Caloric Restriction
FM = Fat Mass
FFM = Fat-Free Mass
It is consensus in sports exercise academia that RT is a good way of
preventing muscle atrophy during fat loss regiments
(Garthe et al 2011, Sundgot-Borgen et al 2011, Stiegler and Conliffe 2006,
Trexler et al 2014) and aging (Hoffman, Peterson et al 2011).
Without RT, fat loss has the potential to become weight loss (loss of FM and
FFM) in untrained or obese subjects
(Stiegler and Conliffe 2006).
Some studies have shown that athletic subjects with previous RT experience can
gain muscle mass in a caloric restriction if combined with a RT protocol
( Garthe et al 2011, Paoli et al 2012 ).
Edit: Here's a recent 2016 study showing increases in FFM and decreases in FM
for untrained subjects during CR. Protein intake is highlighted as an
important factor in LBM increase
Conclusions (拮取重点)
In summary, studies on elite athletes and the untrained show subjects are
able to gain FFM in CR with RT.
Studies on the sedentary, untrained, and obese show that these populations
can lose significant amounts of FFM during CR with RT.
For now, it seems like FFM can be increased in CR in some populations with
rigid exercise programs and controlled diets.
后面还说明，如何在CR中维持/增加肌肉的建议，大家可自行参考